Cure for Diabetes

Diabetes and Nutrition to Health Prosperity!

2012-02-24T01:49:00.001-08:00

Good day, dear readers!

Let's brush up on theory of disease, let's talk about healthy eating. As we know diabetes is of two basic forms (types):

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): type 1 diabetes, juvenile diabetes. Autoimmune disease, which manifests itself through an absolute deficiency of insulin. Can be diagnosed at any age, is a high probability of developing the disease in families with an adverse family history (diabetes in the past generation).

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM): Type 2 diabetes is most often prevalent in the elderly. The disease is related to the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin due to damaged cells.

Bases of proper nutrition in diabetes.

NIDDM affects about 15% of the population aged over 50 years. The disease is dependent on hormone secretion and insulin resistance of tissues. In most cases, can be compensated by diet. Normal body weight - an important condition for a healthy and fulfilling life, as it greatly enhances the resistance of obesity.

In both forms, the patient must eat regularly to avoid unwanted surges of sugar. In some cases you may need a meal every 2-3 hours, and snacks between meals.

Diabetic needs of a well diet and nutrition plan in the light forms of diabetes, body mass index, age, gender, presence of chronic diseases, physical activity.

Types of diets for diabetes. Key recommendations on nutrition can be found in the diet 9 (treatment table number 9). Depending on the type of diabetes, the patient must adhere to strict or not strict diet.

A strict diet. Must be followed by patients who take insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents all. With a strict diet are held constant measurement of basic elements (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) that are contained in the products.
Not strict diet. Recommended for patients with diabetes, which yields no compensation for the use of insulin, and in the absence of obesity. Not strict adherence to diet involves a balanced diet, limiting foods that contain excessive amounts of carbohydrates.

Diet - a key lever to control diabetes. Adjustment of power must necessarily be carried out in case of changes in metabolic needs (growth of the organism, pregnancy, breastfeeding, exercise and activity).

Key elements of the diet.

Proteins. Patients with diabetes tend to have a negative nitrogen balance. Therefore, the need for protein increases 2-fold compared with healthy people. Protein foods in the diet should provide the patient with diabetes from 20 to 25% of calories. A diet high in protein saturates the body with amino acids, regenerating tissue, compared with carbohydrate-protein satisfy hunger better and does not raise blood sugar, protein foods lower in calories than fat or carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates. A daily intake of carbohydrates should provide 40% of calories in order to prevent ketosis. Some studies claim that high carbohydrate intake does not adversely affect blood sugar levels, glucose tolerance and insulin demand, only on condition that the total calories in the diet does not increase.

Fats. After the proteins and fats, carbohydrates should occupy the remaining calories. Allowed 30-35% of fat in the diet of diabetics. Foods high in fat and cholesterol should be limited.

Fiber helps to slow the rate of assimilation of carbohydrates, lowers blood sugar and glucose excretion in the urine. Dietary fiber gives a feeling of satiety, as a consequence of reduced food intake, and struggling with being overweight. Complex carbohydrates, which are contained in the tissue, digested slowly enough so unrefined foods such as beans, brown rice, wholemeal bread have a preference. The most useful product that contains fiber and effectively reducing sugar are fenugreek seeds.

In the next article I will tell you, what are the methods of calculating dietary food for diabetics. Also, examples of calculations and more advice on nutrition in diabetes. Stay tuned!

Honey and Diabetes: Can or Cannot?

2012-02-22T18:10:00.000-08:00

All our troubles from ignorance. This also applies to the consumption of honey. Some diabetics say that honey may lead to an undesirable jump in sugar. Others argue - honey is very good for your health and helps reduce blood glucose. Who still believe? In fact, honey and diabetes, have a fairly complicated relationship.

Honey and diabetes: WHY NOT?

It is known that diabetes - a disease that requires strict discipline. And if the patient does not comply with diet, in fact, there is no difference than poison the body - with high doses of sugar or honey. And even more - harmful. In addition, honey is sweeter than sugar, it contains more carbohydrates and calories.

The disease must be in the process of compensation. At a high level of sugar in the blood of honey is contraindicated!

Honey and diabetes: Why can?

Honey - a natural fructose. And not the refined powder that is sold in stores (about the dangers of processed fructose, I wrote the article "Fructose Diabetes: Friend or Foe?", Be sure to read this information).

Science has proven that long apitherapy (healing with honey) in diabetes leads to good results. Honey reduces blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin (an average of 2 - 4%).

Med - smart eating. Even taking into account the fact that the composition of honey are simple carbohydrates, this product is directly converted into liver glycogen, and so not much raises blood sugar levels, as occurs in the use of sucrose.

However, all of the benefits of honey are valid only if a balanced diet and limited use of bee products. Also note, honey should be natural. Some would-be beekeepers breed it with sugar. In this case, any positive effect will not be. Not sure - better not to buy!

Honey and diabetes: HOW CAN I?

The attending physician, as a rule, no objection to the use of honey in diabetes mellitus. The recommended dosage is 1.5 - 2 tbsp a day. Patients should be brought into line with the medical plan of individual power, in parallel to monitor not only the calorie intake of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, but also do not forget about vitamin and mineral micronutrients.

The first tablespoon of honey is better to eat for breakfast along with fruit. The organism is awake and in need of energy, so the honey in the morning - it's very helpful. If you exercise during the day, a teaspoon of honey is simply irreplaceable for 30 minutes before exercise. Well, the rest of a teaspoon can be eaten before bed to improve the process of recuperation.

Note, one tablespoon of honey contains about 60 calories. So if you eat in a healthy 2000 calorie diet, in which simple carbohydrates should not exceed 10% of total calories, two tablespoons of honey a day - is perfectly acceptable.

Eat honey carefully watch the sugar and stay healthy!

Insulin Resistance Syndrome

2011-07-27T20:54:00.000-07:00

Fairly common condition that destroys the health of the age of 45 years - the so-called metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome) - a sum of a large number of interrelated pathological factors that create conditions for the emergence and development of cardiovascular disease and insulin-dependent diabetes.

This syndrome first identified an American scientist Gerald Riven. In the late 80s of last century D. Riven proved the existence of insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome Rivena later called), which defines the concomitant development of hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Namely insulin resistance and hypoglycemia are at the root factors of metabolic syndrome.

The loss of cell sensitivity to insulin - insulin resistance develops against the background of obesity, which violates the distribution of glucose and hypoglycemia develops. Scientists have proved that the degree of insulin resistance is directly proportional to the amount of excess fat. With the accumulation of fat in the body fat cells gradually grow in size. The greater the fat cell in size, the less it responds to the hormone insulin. Thus, insulin inhibits the process is less breakdown of fat into fatty acids. As a result, accumulate in the blood free fatty acids.

In accordance with the laws of interaction products of metabolism - glucose and aliphatic acids - the muscle cells of the liver and stimulates the oxidation of free fatty acids, and thus prevent the normal transport of glucose - insulin resistance occurs. In this situation, starting the pancreas to secrete insulin in an even larger quantities, resulting in hypoglycemic disease.

As a result, we have the following chain: physical inactivity, obesity, and abundance in the diet of fatty foods lead to insulin resistance of body tissues. Insulin resistance leads to hyperinsulinism (hypoglycemia). A hyperinsulinism is a cause of hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and diabetes type 2. Thus developing metabolic syndrome.

World medical practice suggests that metabolic syndrome is a major factor in the extreme aggravation of these pathologies, raising their overall risk. Metabolic syndrome, sick almost every fifth person aged and elderly vozrasta.Poetomu today so it is important to diagnose early and effective treatment.

Markers of metabolic syndrome: abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia. All these markers typically originate from the tissue to insulin resistance and hypoglycemia.

Metabolic syndrome consists of the following abnormalities:
- High blood pressure - more than 170/100 mm Hg. Art.
- Hyperlipidemia: increased concentration of fat in the blood (more than 1.72 millimoles / liter) and decreased concentration of HDL cholesterol - less than 0.9 millimoles / liter for men and less than 1 mmol / liter for women.
- Overweight: BMI - over 30 kg/m2, or the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference greater than 0.9 in men and 0.86 in women.
- Hyper Albuminuria (concentration of albumin in the urine - a 0.02mg/ml).
- Insulin-dependent diabetes.

According to generally accepted rules of medical suffering from metabolic syndrome are at high risk of serious heart disease and circulatory system, as well as renal pathology.

Patients with metabolic syndrome to lead healthy lives, to establish a healthy food system with effective dietary supplements.

It should be noted that pharmacological drugs that are often used to control blockers in this situation are not welcome, because they exacerbate the imbalance of metabolism and provoke damage the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys and increase resistance to insulin.

Medicine today has detailed data on metabolism at the intracellular level, and allows you to regulate it in various diseases. Therefore, in recent years people are increasingly interested in various biologically active supplements containing active ingredients: fermentarnye substrates, amino acids, enzymes, cell membrane stabilizers, antioxidants, catalysts education RNA, DNA and other nucleic acids.

So now gaining popularity dietary supplements Tianshi Corporation, which are composed of vitamins, macro-and micronutrients, dietary flavonoids (fat eel Biotsink, Holikan, Biocalcium). Receiving the substance, the body is able to synthesize the most important structures that support health and normal activity (enzymes, peptides, neurotransmitters, nucleic acids, etc.).

Diabetes and Anemia

2011-07-26T00:11:00.000-07:00

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder characterized by disturbance of all types of metabolism on the background of an absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Metabolic disorders that occur with diabetes, negatively affect the state of internal organs, which is why diabetes mellitus often develops in such a state as diabetic nephropathy. One of the consequences of diabetic kidney disease is anemia that occurs in most patients with this disease. In this article we would like to tell about the causes, the importance and principles of treatment of anemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

What is diabetes?
Diabetes is an endocrine disorder that is caused by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. What does this mean?

Insulin - a hormone in our body, which regulates the exchange of carbohydrates (glucose) lipids and proteins. Insulin is produced by the pancreas in response to raise blood glucose levels (eg after a meal). Once in the blood, insulin is spread throughout the body, reacts with the cells and enables you to capture and process glucose. Thus, insulin lowers blood glucose and tissue nutrition (some tissues of the body is not able to capture in the absence of glucose, insulin). The cause of diabetes is insulin deficiency. Insulin deficiency may be

absolute - that is, the pancreas produces too little insulin (or not produce it). Absolute insulin deficiency occurs in diabetes mellitus type I.

relative - when produced in normal amounts of insulin can not provide adequate glucose metabolism. This situation is observed in type II diabetes, when physiological amounts of insulin can not provide the decrease in blood glucose levels due to reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin itself (this phenomenon is called insulin resistance).

Why diabetes leads to kidney impairment?
With inadequate treatment and long-term increase in blood glucose levels, diabetes leads to significant damage of internal organs. The first of diabetes affects the small blood vessels of arterioles and capillaries that feed blood, all organs and tissues of the body. In patients with diabetes (long-term preservation of high blood glucose levels) the walls of the arterioles are saturated fat and carbohydrate complexes, which in turn leads to cell death in the walls of these vessels is the widening of the connective tissue in them. The affected arterioles are closed, and fed their body begins to suffer from lack of oxygen and nutrients. Renal disease in diabetes (diabetic nephropathy) is developing by this mechanism. Massive destruction of the renal vessels with diabetes leads to the death of a working kidney tissue and replacing it inactive connective tissue. With the development of nephropathy, the kidneys gradually lose the ability to filter blood and form urine - with chronic renal failure. Today, more than half of all cases of chronic renal failure caused by the problem of diabetes.

What relation to diabetes has anemia?
Anemia is a condition in which blood is reduced red blood cells and hemoglobin.

As you know, in our body blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. However, for the red marrow was working, he should get a definite signal in the form of the hormone erythropoietin. Erythropoietin is produced by special cells in the kidneys. In diabetic nephropathy (see above) not only kills kidney cells involved in blood filtration, but also the cells that produce erythropoietin, so in conjunction with chronic renal failure in diabetic patients develop anemia (lack of erythropoietin leads to the termination of the bone marrow).

In addition to lack of erythropoietin in the pathogenesis (development) of anemia in patients with diabetes is the role of iron deficiency and chronic protein loss accompanying renal failure.

What is the impact on the state of anemia in patients with diabetes? According to recent research, for chronic renal failure that developed against the background of diabetic nephropathy complicated by anemia in more than half the cases.

Anemia significantly reduces the quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus. Against the background of anemia a decrease in appetite, physical abilities, intellectual, and sexual function of patients. People with diabetes with anemia are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease, as is likely, anemia is an independent factor contributing to the malfunction of the heart and blood vessels.

How to carry out the treatment of anemia in patients with diabetes? Unlike the cases of anemia caused by iron deficiency or vitamin (iron deficiency anemia, anemia with a deficit of vitamin B12 and folic acid), and anemia that occurred against the background of renal failure in patients with diabetes, not only to treat vitamin and mineral preparations and without adequate treatment can take a very severe form.

How to carry out the treatment of anemia in patients with diabetes?
Given that the main factor in the development of anemia in patients with diabetes is a lack of erythropoietin in its treatment used medications containing erythropoietin.

Erythropoietin - a complex organic compound of the carbohydrate-protein nature. Carbohydrate component of the molecule of erythropoietin may be of two types: alpha and beta (hence the name drug erythropoietin). Erythropoietin for anemia treatment with recombinant get it, that is to synthesize a bacteria, which were introduced human genes that encode the structure of erythropoietin. During the preparation of drugs erythropoietin treatment is repeated, which allows to minimize the incidence of adverse reactions.

Diabetics with diabetic nephropathy should enter with a decrease in erythropoietin hemoglobin level below 120 g / l (ie, early anemia), the ineffectiveness of other treatments (eg, iron). Early treatment with erythropoietin can slow the development of angiopathy (damage small blood vessels), and, consequently, renal disease, which improves the prognosis of the disease and facilitate its flow.

Patients with diabetes, erythropoietin is administered in two ways: intravenously and subcutaneously. Standard injection frequency - 3 times a week. Recent studies in the treatment of anemia in patients with diabetes showed that subcutaneous injections of erythropoietin is not as effective as intravenous, which greatly simplifies the process of treatment (patients can self-perform the injection), and the frequency of injections can be reduced to 1 time per week, subject to the introduction of triple dose.

To increase the effectiveness of treatment of anemia in patients with diabetes, injections of erythropoietin supplement with iron.

Prevention of anemia in patients with diabetes mellitus
We have already mentioned that the diabetic nephropathy, chronic renal failure and, consequently, anemia, most often develop in diabetic patients not taking medication or in patients whose treatment does not ensure the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels. Therefore, the main measures to prevent anemia in patients with diabetes are:
• Earlier access to a doctor at the first symptoms of diabetes, or immediately after the detection of diabetes through a blood test;
• Strict adherence to prescribed treatment (antidiabetic drugs, insulin) and diet in the first days of illness;
• Regular self-monitoring: checking blood glucose levels, the correction of the treatment regimen with your doctor.
• Avoid bad habits - can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes makes it easier for;
• Weight loss (for obese people) - can not only relieve for diabetes, but also to remove it. In addition, weight loss has a positive effect on the course of other diseases related diabetes (hypertension, coronary heart disease, etc.);

In Western countries, diabetes has long ceased to be considered "incurable disease" or "sentence". Thanks to modern possibilities of control of blood glucose (insulin preparations, antidiabetic drugs) diabetes was seen as a "special way of life", not a disease. Indeed, compliance with treatment regimens and streamlined diet can compensate for a lack of insulin for decades, without causing any complications of diabetes.

Treatment of anemia in patients with diabetes should be mandatory, since anemia is not only lowers the quality of life in patients with diabetes but also accelerates the development of the disease and its complications. At the moment the main problem of drug use erythropoietin to treat anemia in patients with diabetes is a high cost of drugs themselves.

Diabetic Foot Treatment

2011-07-24T21:03:00.000-07:00

1. Normalization of carbohydrate metabolism.

The majority of patients with ulcerative lesions stop marked hyperglycemia, and one of the conditions conducive to healing, is to normalize blood glucose levels. Keep in mind that in infectious inflammation and fever in patients with diabetes type 1 require higher doses of insulin.

Diabetes type 2 in inadequate compensation for the background diet and taking tablets recommended transfer to insulin therapy in non-healing ulcers of the foot.

2. Treatment of diabetic neuropathy and angiopathy.

Apply non-pharmacological (diet, etc.) and drug therapies, as set out in the thematic sections of diabetic neuropathy, treatment of diabetic neuropathy, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, coronary heart disease, clinical nutrition and atherosclerosis.

Of great importance is the normalization of blood pressure with concomitant hypertension and slow progression of the complications of diabetes like nephropathy.

These areas of treatment are interrelated, although each has its own peculiarities. Thus, it is a difficult task effects on different mechanisms for development, but, in some degree, interdependent co-morbidities and complications of diabetes. Particularly difficult choice of only those necessary and demonstrably effective drugs, which would preclude excessive medical treatment, leading to drug overload the body and excessive material costs.

Therefore, patients should not self-medicate based on information received from the media - popular magazines, newspapers, and radio and television.

3. Unloading of the affected limb.

In the past, patients recommended increasing physical activity in relation to the concept of leadership in the development of vascular diabetic foot.

Currently, discharge of the affected limb or part of it is considered a prerequisite of treatment of purulent-necrotic lesions in all forms of diabetic foot problems of any severity. Lack of, or at least limit load reduces inflammation and swelling, slows the growth of corns around the ulcer, increasing the regenerative processes in tissues. Unloading of the affected limb is particularly effective for neuropathic ulcer of the foot.

Increased physical activity is shown for ischemic, and partly neuroischemic form of diabetic foot (with no necrotic effects). In this case, dosed walking in combination with aspirin can reduce the pain of movement.

Enforcement of unloading is not always easy to be done. Preferred almost complete abandonment of walking and maintaining an elevated position of the limbs. However, bed rest is applicable only for a short period of time and only in some patients. A simple method of unloading is the use of crutches, but for many patients, this method is difficult and affects the quality of life. More convenient for some patients is a wheelchair.

Permissible to use a special shoe that provides unloading of fingers or toes.

At home, like orthopedic device can be made out of old sneakers. Specialists of the St. Petersburg Diabetes Center are among the most effective ways to discharge under the application of bandages of ulcers from synthetic materials during solidification acquiring greater strength than plaster casts, but with less weight. An example of such material is tsellokast, which can be purchased at pharmacies. Studies conducted in several countries indicate a decrease in the duration of treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (4-8 weeks) when using this method. However, in the form of ischemic lesions of the lower extremities, this method of treatment should not be used.

After healing, the ulcer treatment discharge, or at least limiting distance shall be maintained for 2 - 4 weeks. It is necessary to create conditions for the restoration of full tissue in place of the former ulcer.

4. Local treatment of ulcers involves the removal of (most often with a scalpel), hyperkeratosis and corns around the ulcer in order to reduce pressure on the affected area. Another method of local treatment is the removal of necrotic, nonviable tissue as a source of infections and toxins, and the healing is stimulated.

For moist ulcers using moisturizing dressings, dry - dry.

In the first phase of wound healing dressings are used for dampening solutions furatsilina, yodovidona, yodopirona, chlorhexidine, dioksidina, lavasepta or other antiseptic.

Do not use this alcohol solutions, including cologne, iodine tincture, "manganese", "green fodder," hydrogen peroxide

The frequency of dressings depends on the amount of discharge from the ulcer - usually 1 - 2 times a day. In the second phase of wound healing (after cleansing ulcers) use a variety of wound coverage (based on collagen), oil (sea buckthorn, shipovnikovoe oil) and hydrogel dressings. The patient and his household should learn how to make dressings for ulcers.

5. Antimicrobial drug treatment. Used mainly antibiotics, type, route of administration, dose and duration of which is determined only by a physician, based on the severity of the process and speed healing of ulcers.
However, patients should have some understanding of the principles of antimicrobial therapy of diabetic foot syndrome, namely:

Prophylactic antibiotics is not appropriate for long-existing ulcers, and even I II degree (see table diagnostic criteria for different forms of diabetic foot syndrome in the thematic section neuroischemic form on an information portal on vital diabetunet.ru) in providing local care, discharge in the absence of foot and signs of intoxication of the infectious process;

Antibiotics should have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, since the majority of infections in ulcers associated with several types of microbes. For a correct choice of antibiotic is desirable laboratory to determine the sensitivity to it of microbes isolated from affected tissues;

For ulcerative lesions without involvement of bone or joint and marked signs of intoxication acquitted of infectious oral antibiotics for 7 - 14 days. In a severe infectious process antibiotics administered intramuscularly or intravenously. From the set used for diabetic foot ulcers, antibiotics to select-amoksiklav, azithromycin (sumamed), moxifloxacin (aveloks) tsiprofloksvtsin (tsifran), ertapenem (invanz).

At the same time we note once more - the choice of antibiotic in each case decides physician.

Nor can we ignore the financial side of choice due to the cost of new imports of antibiotics;

Complications of antimicrobial therapy is most common intestinal bacteria overgrowth - the disruption of its micro-organisms.

For the prevention and treatment of intestinal dysbiosis probiotics and prebiotics are used relating to the biologically active additives to food or drugs.

Another complication of treatment with antibiotics are fungal infections of the mucous membranes of the mouth, intestines, vagina. As antifungal agents used for systemic effects of fluconazole (Diflucan, diflazon), which suppresses the most common cause of fungal infections - yeast-like fungi Candida genus.

If the vaginal fungal infection in women using natamycin (pimafutsin) - topically in the form of suppositories and oral.

6. Surgical treatment.

In severe lesions of the lower extremities, which are not disposed of the above therapeutic methods of treatment, surgical intervention is necessary - removal (amputation) of non-viable limb to save the remaining part of it and / or the patient's life.

Surgical techniques used for the restoration of blood flow in severe limb ischemia, as well as for the closing of large tissue defects with the use of plastics at the expense of their own or artificial skin.

To surgery also includes excision and vaporization of the affected tissue with a laser beam further grafting the wound with local tissues.

Diabetes Mellitus as a Cause of Blindness

2011-07-20T00:10:00.000-07:00

Diabetes - a disease characterized by impaired endocrine metabolic processes of the body. One of its complications - is diabetic retinopathy (damage of the retina).

The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is 90% of those with diabetes type I and 38.9% of those with diabetes type II.

The cause eye damage in diabetes
With prolonged and uncompensated (when higher than normal sugar), diabetes, retinal damage occurs - diabetic retinopathy.

What are the causes of this disease?
In diabetes disturbed metabolism of carbohydrates (sugars) and fats (triglycerides and cholesterol). These substances are not absorbed by the body for a long time and remain in the blood, damaging the lining of blood vessels (endothelium). As a result of microvascular damage - in the past formed clots, narrowing their clearance and as a result, there is a lack of oxygen to tissues and organs (called ischemia). If ischemia persists for a long time, irreversible changes in the affected organs - they atrophy (if there was a gradual decrease in blood flow) or infarction (with a sharp decrease in blood supply to any part or organ). In the body there is a compensation mechanism of ischemia - education about the blockage of new blood vessels. But the problem is that the newly formed vessels are not full - their walls thin, endothelial lining with defects that lead to undesirable consequences:

- Swelling of tissue due to passage through the vascular wall of blood plasma
- Bleeding in the retina (even with a slight increase in blood pressure)
- The deposition in the tissues of organic matter (formation of hard exudates)
- Retinal detachment
- Bleeding into the vitreous

The manifestations of diabetic retinopathy:
- Gradual reduction of vision is not improving after spectacle correction

- The appearance of dark spots in the field of view

- A sharp sudden decrease of
Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy:
- Ophthalmoscopy (fundus examination) can detect retinal edema, exudates, microbleeds on the retina, vitreous hemorrhage, the newly formed blood vessels.

Fluorescence angiography (study of blood flow to the retina) reveals the ischemic zone, the newly formed blood vessels, retinal vascular occlusion.
- Optical coherence tomography - at the cellular level defines the retinal lesions.
Treatment of diabetic retinopathy:
Drug treatment is carried out ophthalmologist in an outpatient or inpatient setting and has the following objectives:

1. compensate for diabetes - when blood sugar levels will be kept at a high level, there is no long-term effect of treatment should be expected. For this purpose, appointed by the consulting endocrinologist.
2. Improve blood flow through the vessels of the retina
vasodilators Pentoxifylline (Pentoxifylline)
Antiplatelet Acidum acetylsalicylicum (Aspirin)
3. Antioxidant therapy:
Vitamin E
Methylethylpiridinol (emoksipin)
4. Angioprotective therapy (medicines strengthen the vascular wall)
Acidum Ascorbicum (Vitamin C)
Etamsylate (etamzilata)
5. Improvement of metabolic processes of the retina (retinal preparations containing the necessary trace elements and vitamins)
Retinalamin
Trimethylhydrazinium propionate (Mildronate)
Wobenzym

Surgical treatment is performed in a hospital:
Laser coagulation of the retina - is to reduce the swelling of the retina. Is to apply laser-coagulants on the retina - formed through the pores of the liquid, creating a swelling of the retina, an additional outflow of preretinalnoe space.

- Injection drug (Avastin, Lucentis) in the vitreous. These drugs at the molecular level, blocking the vascular growth factor, preventing the appearance of newly formed blood vessels, contribute to the disappearance of already appeared.
- Surgery on the retina - vitrectomy is used when the long-term absorbable hemorrhages into the vitreous.

Diabetic retinopathy is a terrible complication, potentially leading to complete blindness. For the treatment of this disease requires constant monitoring of blood sugar and blood cholesterol, maintaining blood pressure within normal limits and timely assistance ophthalmologist. If exposed to diagnose diabetic retinopathy, the ophthalmologist inspections should be carried out at least 2 times a year.

Diabetic and Sweetener

2011-07-07T00:23:00.000-07:00

Sweeteners are very similar in substance to the purpose, but belonging to different groups. Such a separation due to the fact that sweeteners have some nutritional value as a source of energy for the body, such as sweeteners do not have.

Sweeteners are used patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as the combination of diabetes with obesity to sweeten food because many people find it very difficult to limit myself of the habit is sweet. If there is no craving for sweets, you need a sweetener or sweeteners disappears.

Sweeteners

To substitute sugar include fructose and sugar alcohols different (polyols), mainly xylitol and sorbitol. Fructose is the same nutrients as glucose and sucrose (ie, sugar) but, unlike them, requires for its absorption of smaller amounts of insulin. Fructose is absorbed from the intestine more slowly than glucose, but more rapidly undergoes oxidation in the liver, which leads to a smaller increase in blood glucose levels after meals.

However, fructose absorption from the intestine is significantly increased when it is consumed along with other sugars or starches, such as fructose in the honey, or drink with fruit along with the bread. The consumption of one of its fructose glycemic index, which characterizes the increase in blood glucose levels, approximately 4 times lower than the glycemic index after ingestion of glucose. However, the glycemic index of honey, in which fructose is nearly 40%, only slightly inferior to the glycemic index of glucose.

For the same caloric and sugar fructose is sweeter than a factor of 1.7 and therefore used in smaller doses, thus reducing caloric different foods and dishes, as well as the need for insulin. The sweetness of fructose is especially noticeable in cold and acidic drinks and expressed little if added to hot dishes. Fructose in an amount not to exceed 30 - 40 grams per day is used for patients with diabetes, and 20% fructose adopted must be considered in the carbohydrate composition of the diet. When consumption of 30 grams of fructose per day it will be half the "bread of unity" (6 g carbohydrates). Excessive consumption of fructose (40 g) can cause flatulence, diarrhea, as well as disrupt fat and purine metabolism - increase blood levels of triglycerides and uric acid. Recent side effects limit its use of fructose in the diet of diabetics, especially type 2, as well as the presence of metabolic syndrome.

In the diet therapy of diabetes, coupled with obesity, fructose is not recommended because of its caloric: 1 g of fructose yields about 4 calories. However, when choosing between sugar and fructose preference should be given to the latter. If you can not replace hypoglycemic states receiving glucose or sugar fructose, as it is slowly absorbed from the intestine. Thus, the question of the use of fructose in diabetes mellitus is ambiguous, since it has both positive and negative sides.

"Fruit" - a mixture of fructose and vitamin C, which makes it more useful - it is used in the same doses and under the same conditions as conventional fructose, but 20 g fruktovita provides almost daily rate of demand for vitamin C. Xylitol (ksilisorb) and sorbitol - natural sugar alcohols are solid, well- soluble in water.
They have a caloric close to that of glucose or fructose, 1 g of xylitol yields about 4 calories, 1 g sorbitol 3.4 calories. For sweets xylitol is sugar, sorbitol, almost half as sweet. They can be used for hot food handling.
Xylitol and sorbitol are used in diabetes, at least - in obesity, and in connection with a light and choleretic laxative action (30 g PCP) - chronic cholecystitis with bile stasis and constipation. Preferred method of xylitol - up to 30-40 grams per day, for 2 - reception (drinks and desserts).

When excess consumption (40 g), xylitol and sorbitol have an adverse effect on the gastrointestinal tract, causing a rumbling, bloating, heaviness in the stomach, diarrhea. Currently, many countries in the production of dietary products for patients with diabetes, at least - for immediate consumption, use of new sweeteners from the group of sugar-alcohols: maltitol, isomalt, lactitol, erythritol.

If the sweetness of sugar to take the unit (1.0), the sweetness of maltitol (maltisorba) and izomaltita (palantinita) is equal to 0.65 and 0.45. Caloric 1 g maltitol or izomaltita 2 kcal, that is 2 times less than sugar or xylitol, which enhances their use in diabetes mellitus type 2 with obesity. Daily consumption of sweeteners is limited to 30 grams in order to avoid disorders of the intestine. Lactitol 2.5 times less sweet than sugar. Caloric 1 g lactitol is 2 kcal.

After receiving lactitol blood glucose level is almost not increased. If the glycemic index of glucose taken as 100, the glycemic index of maltitol is equal to 35 Xylitol - 13, and lactitol - 6. In addition, lactitol has the properties of prebiotic - it stimulates the growth of beneficial bacteria in the colon. Daily consumption of lactitol can be up to '20 By caloric, and the effect on blood glucose levels and prebiotic properties of erythritol is close to lactitol, but it is sweeter.

Erythritol is intended mainly for the production of low-calorie diet products.

Prevention of Secondary Diabetes

2011-07-04T18:16:00.000-07:00

Secondary prevention is aimed at preserving the functions of the remaining beta-cells in patients with clinical manifestation of diabetes, its prevention of acute and late complications.

Such prevention is reduced to the proper lifestyle, diet, timely medical treatment (taking tablets lowering drugs or insulin injections), the wise use of exercise as an adjunct to primary therapy using physiotherapy, herbal medicine, spa treatment.

Maintenance of compensation of diabetes mellitus as the 1st and 2nd type - the main way to prevent diabetic complications.

The following rules, following which, it is possible to avoid decompensation, complications of diabetes, or to stop their development:

1. Normalize blood glucose levels. To do this diet, it is reasonable to use the exercise, lead a normal life, to comply with all recommendations of the treating physician must conduct self-control.

Every patient should strive to have a fasting blood glucose level less than 5.5 mmol / L, after eating no more than 7.8 mmol / l, glycated hemoglobin level of 6-7%.

It is important to remember that the value of glycated hemoglobin (or HbA1c) reflects the value of the blood glucose level over the past 3-4 months.

Thus, the level of HbA1c 6-7% in patients with diabetes means that his blood glucose level over the past 90 days was between 4.4 - 6.3 mmol / l during the day. Therefore, achieving normalization of blood glucose, normalizes the level of patient HbA1c!

In one of the reputable international study under the acronym DCCT in the prevention of diabetic complications proved that the desire to normalize the patient's HbA1c levels in diabetes mellitus type 1 reduces the likelihood:

- eye damage by 76%;
- renal disease by 50%;
- nerve damage by 60%;
- damage the cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels) to 35%.

Another international study by the acronym UKPDS in the prevention of diabetic complications proved that the desire to normalize the patient's HbA1c levels in diabetes type 2 can reduce the risk:

- any complications associated with diabetes by 12%;
- microvascular complications (damage small blood vessels) to 25%;
- myocardial infarction by 16%.

In order to better understand what life to lead, it is recommended to be trained in the "school of diabetes."

These schools are organized at hospitals (specialized endocrine units) and specialized diabetes centers and dispensaries. The school should be trained not only to children with diabetes mellitus type 1, but also adult patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.

2. Need regular medical checkups to detect decompensation and complications begin.

For the prevention of nephropathy (kidney damage) to:

- Normalize blood glucose levels;
- Regular urine for microalbuminuria (small protein) - at least once a year during the first 5 years of disease onset diabetes;
- Conduct urinalysis for proteinuria (large protein) at least 1 time in 3 months;
- Determine the glomerular filtration rate (sample Rehberg) at least 1 time in 6 months;
- Daily to control blood pressure;
- Investigate the level of creatinine and urea in serum (blood chemistry), 1 per 6 months;
- In the presence of elevated levels of albumin or proteinuria should have more control over the carbohydrate metabolism (to normalize blood glucose levels);

Time to begin treatment, that is to see a doctor appointment for medical treatment and normalization of intrahepatic pressure (drugs: Captopril, Capoten, Enalapril, Enap, Renitek, etc.) and treatment of high blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs);

For the treatment of nephropathy (by appointment doctor!) Angioprotectors used (drugs, "defenders" of blood vessels) - Trental, Pentoxifylline, Actovegin, Sulodexide (Lively Du F), a new drug that is based on nanotechnology (microscopic particle of the drug has the size - 400 nm when comparing the diameter of a human hair is 100 000 nm, red blood cell - red blood cell 1,000 nm) - Traykor (Fenofibrate);

With the appearance of proteinuria is also recommended to limit consumption of animal protein intake (up to 0.6-0.8 g / kg body weight per day) and the number of salt.

For the prevention of retinopathy (eye damage) that

- Normalize blood glucose levels;
- Regular urine for microalbuminuria (small proteins);
- Eye doctor check-ups once in a year in the absence of retinopathy;
- Eye doctor check-ups 2 times a year when there are changes in the fundus;
- Held fundus examination with dilated pupils (eyes buried atropine), which gives a complete picture of the fundus. In this case, considered contraindications to the use of atropine (eg, glaucoma);
- Time to begin treatment.

For the prevention of neuropathy (nervous system) must be:

- Normalize blood glucose levels;
- Conduct regular surveys by a neurologist (sensitivity, reflexes) 2-4 times per year;
- Observe the rules of foot care and regular exercises for the legs.

Rules for the care of their feet. It should be:

- Wash their feet daily with warm soapy water (not steam out feet!)
- After washing, dry with a towel to wipe his feet (especially between the toes carefully);
- Lubricated regularly stops fat cream - it will help prevent cracking and dryness of the skin (but the cream should not fall into the interdigital spaces). Currently, pharmacies appeared in a series of special creams DiaVord (Diaword):
- Diaderm soothing, protective Diaderm, Diaderm regenerating;
- Regularly inspect the feet (including using a pocket mirror);
- Properly and timely treat the nails with nail file 1 - 2 times a week, do not use sharp objects - scissors and forceps, and never round off the corners of the nails;
- Rough skin on heels and corns are regularly removed with pumice stone or nail file special cosmetic;
- Do not cut corns, use special tools to remove them;
- Check the inner surface of the shoe for the presence of foreign bodies, fractures, folds insoles;
- Do not go barefoot and wear no shoes on bare feet;
- Wear warm socks if feet are cold, made from natural fibers with no tight elastic band;
- Not warm feet heaters, a fireplace, batteries;
- Be correct clamping shoes (do not buy a hard, narrow shoes, with a decrease in the sensitivity of the legs to go for buying shoes with cardboard footprints), to avoid open shoes, shoes with heels, narrow nose;
- Properly lace shoes (lace should be parallel);
- Detection of cracks, abrasions, cuts, abrasions, burns, ulcers, discoloration of the skin. Changes in temperature and swelling of the extremities should be immediately consult a doctor;
- When to see a doctor urgently given the opportunity to use to process colorless antiseptic solutions (Miramistin, Aioksidin) not to use iodine as well as handling them can cause irritation.

The following is a special gymnastics for the prevention of lower limb neuropathy and diabetic foot.

- Exercising the legs.
- Every night is very important to take 15 minutes to perform the exercises for the legs. If you experience pain doing the exercises should be stopped and subsequently consulted on this matter with your doctor. Each exercise should be performed 10 times.

Starting position: sit down, keeping your back straight in a chair or stool.

1. Prim toes and straighten again.

2. Then alternately raise socks, then the heel.

3. Feet up and make circular movements toes.

4. Based on the socks, to perform circular motions with your heels.

5. Straighten the leg at the knee. Pick it up parallel to the floor. Toe delay. Bend the leg at the knee. Put your foot on the floor. (Each foot to perform the exercise 10 times.)

6. Raise the leg, straightening it in the knee, parallel to the floor. Pull the sock itself. Lower the leg to the floor, leaning on his heel. (Each foot to perform the exercise 10 times.)

7. Repeat the previous exercise by doing it with both legs simultaneously.

8. Lift, straightening your knees, both legs. Flexion and extension of the foot at the ankle joint.

9. Raise the foot, straightening her knee. Make a circular motion foot (10-fold from right to left, left to right 10 times each leg).

10. Fingers of both feet to crush a single page of the newspaper lying on the floor, then flatten it and break into pieces. Pieces of paper seized, fingers and move to the second page of the newspaper. Then this page to spread out her pieces of paper rolled up into a ball with your toes. (Run 1 times.).

Exercises Ratshou:

These exercises are known to exercise, improves blood circulation in the feet and legs, and are recommended for the prevention of angiopathies of the lower extremities.

1. Lie on your back on the bed or the gym mat.

2. The legs lift up as much as possible straightening of the knees. Hands to support your feet under your knees.

3. Make a circular motion stops at 1 revolution in 2 seconds

4. Perform a circular motion for 2 minutes.

5. Sit on the edge of the bed and sit in this position, his legs dangling, 2 minutes.

6. Alternately repeating these steps within 20 minutes.

7. At the end of exercise a little walk around the room.

8. On the day of repeating this exercise several times.

A few tips for preventing lower limb neuropathy, diabetic foot.

1. Daily walking at a higher pace of 30 minutes to 1 hour is the best exercise for your feet. We must try to increase the distance each day.

2. Also recommends the following exercises you can do at home:

Wuickly up the stairs, using only the rise of the foot; Bend your knees, holding the chair. Squat as deeply as possible 10 times. Back while keeping a straight; Knead calf muscles: in a standing position with his hands rest against a suitable wall. Set legs so that the trunk was tilted forward in some situation. The feet should be fully in contact with the floor surface. Bend your elbows 10 times, while holding his back and legs fully extended position. This exercise helps prevent muscle cramps legs; Rise and fall on your toes to the heel 20. At the same time trying to shift the weight from one foot to another; Sit on a chair and get up with him 10 times. Hands at the same time must be crossed in front of the abdomen;

Exercise for the toes: holding on to the back of the chair in turn stand on the fingertips of each leg; Stand with one foot on the platform, such as a large book. Holding onto a chair or table to make 10 swings back and forth with one foot. Change the position of the feet and repeat the exercise; Sit on the floor, lean back slightly and press against the floor with his hands behind him. Shake a few times before the feet of a sense of warmth and relaxation; Time to begin treatment (using medications that contain vitamins A, B, C, E, Su, minerals zinc and chromium, for example, "Vitamins for people with diabetes," products containing only vitamins B "Multi-Tubbs B-complex," "Neyromultivit "but the most effective drugs is a derivative of alpha-lipoic acid or thioctic" Tiogamma, "" Valium, "" Tioktatsid ").

For the prevention of angiopathies (micro-and macroangiopathy - vascular lesions of the lower limbs, heart attacks, strokes), you must:

Normalize blood glucose levels; Regularly carry out surveys in the vascular surgeon, cardiologist, neurologist 2-4 times a year (on the testimony and more); Struggle with excess weight, obesity, physical inactivity;
Observe antiholesterinovuyu diet (described in detail in the thematic section of the vital information portal diabetunet.ru, dedicated to diabetes care); Follow the recommendations of the attending physician (not to oppose the appointment of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2).

Very often patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 for a long time are treated just as diet and physical activity or diet, physical activity and sugar-reducing pills.

There comes a time when these treatments become scarce and there are initial manifestations of complications of hypertension.

These circumstances are required to transfer patients to insulin.

Patients strongly resist insulin, believe that they were "carefully tended, planted" on the insulin that they can be a life-long dependency on medication. This is a mistake.

Insulin can not be used! Inclusion of insulin therapy when complications appeared only delay their progression and prolong life.

It is therefore very important time to begin treatment (on prescription medications are used - and Angioprotectors antihypoxants - eliminating the lack of oxygen in the brain and heart: Meksidol, Mildronate, Coenzyme Q and vitamin antioxidants: vitamin E, A, C, trace element selenium). Antioxidant rich herbs (parsley, onion, dill, etc.), green pepper.

For the prevention of osteoarthropathy (bone and joint destruction) that

Normalize blood glucose levels; Conduct regular surveys by an endocrinologist, surgeon, podiatrist. Independently examine the joints, on a monthly basis to test for hayropatiyu (damage of joints of the hands) to do this, lay your hands in prayer position (palm to palm) is normal, in the absence of joint damage, the fingers and palms are closed tightly to each other, without gaps; Struggle with excess weight, obesity, physical inactivity; About driving articular exercises (described in detail in the thematic section of the vital information portal diabetunet.ru, devoted to physical activities); To avoid situations in which possible fractures obstruction of the house, injuring exercise, limit the movement of heavy ice, etc.); In the diet (if no contraindications) include daily milk and dairy products rich in calcium; Time to begin treatment if there are signs osteoarthropathy.

Diabetes Mellitus and Toxicants

2011-07-03T17:52:00.000-07:00

We have already talked about how important proper nutrition in diabetes mellitus.

We talk about how some foods can be dangerous because of the presence of toxic substances. We all know that in the present environment is poor. Environmental pollution affects the food. This should be considered absolutely all healthy people, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus.

If you have any serious chronic disease, including such as diabetes mellitus, to food should be treated with special caution. The disease weakens the body, making it even more vulnerable. Therefore, it is desirable to avoid any negative factors.

Nitrate, nitrite, pesticides

Where did come from harmful substances in products. The answer to this question is very simple. Toxic substances accumulate in the water, air and soil. It could be pesticides, heavy metals, nitrates, nitrites and many, many others

When growing vegetables, fruits, vegetables, various chemical fertilizers - the salt of nitric acid, which include nitrates, potassium, sodium, ammonium, calcium. When different nitrate applied to land, they accumulate in plants.

By themselves, these substances are less harmful to the human body, that is, are relatively low-toxic.

But it can turn into nitrates, N-nitroso compounds, which have a carcinogenic effect, that is, capable of causing cancer. In addition, nitrates can cause poisoning.

Increased ambient humidity leads to that in plants there is a restoration of nitrate to nitrite. That same is observed in the gastrointestinal tract as a result of influence of the microflora. Nitrites enter the bloodstream, forming a methemoglobin.

Methemoglobin differs from hemoglobin that can not tolerate, oxygen. If blood appears certain concentration of methemoglobin, it can cause poisoning. Person feels fatigue, weakness. Symptoms can appear within an hour or several hours later.

In acute poisoning, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, decreased blood pressure. In this case the hands and feet become cold, breathing quickens, there is noise in the ears, headache. There may be convulsions, loss of consciousness. In some cases, people can fall into a coma.

You can simply protect themselves from poisoning.

Nitrates are in the plant through the roots and accumulate in the leaves. Especially a lot of them in the following plants: watermelon, melon, fennel, celery, radish, spinach, lettuce, beets, radish, parsley, cabbage, cucumbers, sorrel, carrots. In cabbage nitrates contained mainly in the stalk and leaf veins. Sorrel, cucumbers, dill harmful substances accumulate in the stem. Can significantly reduce the amount of nitrates from sort of plants.

Greens need to handle as follows: the leaves are pre-cleaned of streaks, and then pour water and leave for 2 hours. After that, the water should be drained, and add a new one. Soaking should be continued for 1-2 hours. For the third time in the water to greens

leave for 5-7 hours

This method of getting rid of nitrates is perfect for parsley, sorrel, kale and other leafy plants.

To root it does not work, here you need to use a decoction.

After boiling roots is important to immediately drain the water. If it cools down, a significant part of harmful substances back into the vegetables.

It is important to remember that most of the nitrates and nitrites in the water passes in the first 15 minutes. Therefore, you first need to cook vegetables until soft, drain the broth. Then pour boiling water over vegetables, season them and cook until fully cooked. The broth must then immediately drain.

When cooking carrots is desirable from both sides cut to 1-1.5 cm and discard. In these parts of the highest concentration of harmful substances. In cabbage harmful substances contained in the stalk and upper leaves.

If you have doubts as to the security purchased cabbage, fresh is better not to use it. Boil the cabbage can ferment or. When fermentation most of the harmful substances goes into the brine, which must be drained.

If you doubt cause cucumbers to remove them from the peel, and cut off the part that is closest to the stem. It is in these parts of the most hazardous substances.

If doubtful dill, parsley and celery, it is necessary to cut off their stems, using only the leaves (the leaves can be pre-soaked in water).

Of course, if there is a possibility to use vegetables and herbs from his garden, where no chemical fertilizers. But the possibility is not all urban residents.

No need to over-dramatize the situation by refusing to vegetables and herbs because of fear of nitrates. In fact, plants without nitrate does not happen. Even those that are grown on their own garden, to some extent contain nitrates, getting them out of the soil. When nitrates and nitrites enter the body in small amounts, it does not bring any harm to man. Moreover, some scholars have argued that small doses of nitrates and nitrites as trace elements necessary for normal functioning of the human body.

Sometimes the stores indicated that the products without nitrates and nitrites. In this case, means that they have been grown in compliance with all technological norms, in the absence of violations of the technology to make nitrogen fertilizers, and therefore contain very low, safe for the person the amount of nitrates and nitrites. Allowable rate is 0.3-0.4 g nitrate and nitrite per kilogram of food.

When buying fruits and vegetables, you can use a special indicator paper or devices that can help you determine the level of nitrates and nitrites.

It is useful to adopt a rule inspect fruits and vegetables - if the fruits are very large, then most likely they have been grown using large amounts of fertilizer. Often these fruits and vegetables are much cheaper than usual. It is best to abandon their use.

Plants such as tomatoes, onions, grapes, eggplants, relatively little accumulated harmful substances. Therefore, they can buy without any worries.

When buying a watermelon should pay attention to the veins. If a slice of watermelon yellow streaks and yellowish flesh visible condensation, it means that a high content of nitrites and nitrates. The acquisition of watermelon in this case should be abandoned. When buying carrots should pay attention to the core. If a slice of carrot core whitish color, do not buy it.

If plants were gathered in close proximity to a busy highway, they will inevitably contain various toxic substances such as dioxin, lead, and many others These toxic substances emit machinery engines with the exhaust gases. If a field or garden, which had grown fruits and vegetables, is closer than 70 meters to the highway, they are very dangerous to use.

It must be remembered and that nitrites as preservatives used in the manufacture of canned meat and sausages. That is why one should, as you can rarely buy ready-made canned meat, frankfurters, sausages.

In the cultivation of various plants used in agriculture pesticides. These substances help to protect plants from pests, weeds and diseases. Pesticides inevitably accumulate in plants, so they can get into the human body. This is highly undesirable.

There organophosphate, organochlorine, organomercury pesticides.

Already from the title, it is clear what lies at their base. All these substances are toxic to the human body, and even more so for the body, weakened by diabetes. Pesticides can cause acute poisoning, which causes such symptoms as weakness, fatigue, dizziness, headache.

Pesticide poisoning can be chronic, which will inevitably lead to inflammation of the stomach lining, inflammation of the liver, inflammation of the respiratory system, the development of allergies. To protect yourself from pesticides, not to buy vegetables, fruits and herbs to unauthorized markets where there is no control over the products.

Gives good results and a simple tap water. Berries, herbs, fruits should be washed thoroughly under running water. Thus, it is possible to remove up to 60% of the pesticides.

Very good results are obtained by removing the skin, leaves, remove the veins from fruits and vegetables. If you use apples, pears, bananas, melons, peaches, oranges, lemons and other citrus fruits is desirable to remove the peel. It - the highest concentration of harmful substances.

Any heat treatment reduces the content of pesticides in several times. This may be a decoction, stewing, roasting. You can also use the soaking water, which we discussed above. Of course, fruits, berries, vegetables and herbs grown in their own garden, it is preferable, because it is absolutely safe for humans.

Physiotherapy for Patients With Diabetes

2011-06-29T19:25:00.000-07:00

Physical Therapy (from the Greek. Physis - in kind and therapy) is a branch of medicine that uses the physiological effects of natural (water, air, solar heat and light) and artificial (electric current, magnetic field, etc.) of physical factors in the treatment of certain diseases .

In the treatment of diabetes using a number of physiotherapy techniques. Very often, patients are electrophoresis. This method is based on the exposure of the body by direct current and medicinal materials. With the current medicines into the body through mucous membranes or skin. When diabetes is used electrophoresis of zinc, copper electrophoresis, electrophoresis of potassium. Electrophoresis of zinc has beneficial effects on the state of the islets of Langerhans which produce insulin. Electrophoresis of copper improves the reduction-oxidation, reduces blood sugar levels. Diabetes is often accompanied by polyuria, that is, the increased amount of urine separation. In this regard, the body loses potassium. That is why diabetes often prescribe electrophoresis of potassium to make up for the missing trace mineral.

In addition, the use of magnesium electrophoresis in the general procedure for the neck area or on Shcherbak, as well as on the liver area. Magnesium is very important for the organism of the patient with diabetes mellitus. This trace mineral is involved in redox processes, lowers cholesterol. Electrophoresis of the neck of calcium reduces blood glucose levels. Electrophoresis of nicotinic acid on the epigastrium improves the function of the pancreas. In diabetes often occur microangiopathy of the lower extremities, which are accompanied by pain. In this case, patients administered iodine-novocaine-electrophoresis.

This method is also used in the treatment of hypertonicity of the vessels. When angiopathies of the lower limbs with peripheral neuropathy are often assigned electrophoresis of 5% sodium thiosulfate. He entered with a negative pole to the region of gastrocnemius muscle. When angiopathies of the lower extremities is also assigned to electrophoresis with novocaine lumbar krestuovuyu area. It promotes the expansion of lower extremities, thereby decreasing pain. In the treatment of diabetic retinopathy is widely used medicinal electrophoresis. It has a resolving, anti-inflammatory, anti-sclerotic action. If you are experiencing bleeding, the use of heparin electrophoresis. If a patient suffers from multiple sclerosis retinal vessels, using electrophoresis, a solution of potassium iodide. When angiospasm, degenerative changes of the retina using electrophoresis of nicotinic acid, a mixture of aloe with vitamin E, S. In the complex treatment of diabetes used a beneficial effect of magnetic field on the metabolic processes in the body. That is why diabetics assigned to the magnet projection area of the pancreas. Usually the course of treatment is 12 sessions. At the same after the first 3-5 sessions a decrease in blood sugar.

Magnetic therapy is used in diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot. The magnetic field has angioprotective, analgesic, immunomodulating, trophico-regulatory effects. After an increase in the magneto speed of about nerve impulse along the nerve fibers and peripheral blood flow. Markedly reduced pain in the extremities, less concerned about patients cramps and paresthesia, increased muscular activity, there are beneficial changes in the sensitivity of the foot.

For the treatment of neuropathies, used inductothermy angiopathies of the lower extremities. Inductothermy - a method of electrotherapy, which uses a magnetic field of high frequency. The duration of a procedure - 15 - 20 min. Sessions are held either every day or every other day. The course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures. The impact of an alternating magnetic field significantly improves blood and lymph circulation, therefore, is a very effective method of treatment. Also effective in hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This treatment with oxygen under high pressure. This method is capable of eliminating all forms of hypoxia that occur in diabetes. That is why the hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a medical complex with various forms of diabetes. Observations show that after the second session, patients feel much better. The general course of treatment consists of 10-12 sessions. Each session lasts 40-60 minutes. After about their management of patients are able to significantly reduce the dose of insulin and other medications. When diabetes is usually oxygen-reduced function of the blood. Therefore, there is oxygen starvation of tissues and organs.
Oxygen treatment reduces hypoxia in various organs and tissues, thus improving vision and hearing, as well as blood circulation in the limbs. It is also important that as a result of the procedures activated the activity of cells of the pancreas. Keep in mind that hyperbaric oxygen therapy is contraindicated in those suffering from claustrophobia (fear of closed spaces), and epilepsy.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a form of oxygen treatment includes the use of oxygen inside the foam. This procedure is very useful for obesity, combined with diabetes mellitus. Ingestion of oxygen foam helps to reduce body weight. This is based on the fact that the foam expands the stomach, making the patient feel satiety and eating less. Foam take 2 - 3 times a day for 1 hour before meals. Oxygen has beneficial effects on oxidative processes in the body. Oxygen foam is made from infusions and decoctions of herbs with the addition of whipped egg whites. The finished foam should foam, passing through her oxygen. This is done through a special apparatus. The course of treatment varies from 3 to 6 months. During treatment, patients must be under medical supervision.

When using acupuncture neuropathy. Special needles are inserted into the biologically active points. Usually carried out 2 - 3 courses of treatment, each of which includes several sessions. The result of treatment is improvement of general condition. And most importantly, significantly improved nerve conduction, increases the sensitivity of the lower limbs, decrease pain. In addition to using acupressure, electroacupuncture and laser acupuncture.

In the treatment of diabetes is used and plasmapheresis. The essence of this method is that the plasma is removed and replaced with the patient's blood plasma substitutes. Such treatment is usually given in renal failure and in septic complications. Very effective in treatment of diabetes is ozone therapy. The use of medical ozone increases the permeability of cell membranes to glucose. Can achieve this effect by stimulating the pentose phosphate shunt, and aerobic glycolysis.

As a result, glucose enters the tissue better, decreases hyperglycemia. Carried out the oxidation of glucose to the final products. Ozone affects the exchange of glucose in erythrocytes. Tissues receive more oxygen, hypoxia is eliminated. Ozone therapy can prevent development of pathological processes such as neuropathy, arthropathy, angiopathy. In addition, ozone has immunomodulatory effects. It is very important to diabetes type 1, because it increases the tendency to chronic infections and inflammation of the skin against the backdrop of a weakened immune system. The basis of ozone therapy - intravenous administration of OS (ozonized physiological solution). Procedures are carried out through the day. Total course of treatment is 10-14 procedures. Can also be rectal administration of ozone.

During treatment, necessarily exercise control over blood glucose levels. If necessary, adjusted dose glucose-lowering drugs, the ozone-oxygen mixture because it has a hypoglycemic effect. Often in the course of therapy decreases the amount of glucose-lowering drugs.

Ozone treatment significantly improves performance, normalizes sleep. The general condition of the patient improves. There was also a reduction in blood sugar levels, increases immunity. Repeated treatments are necessary after 3 - 6 months.

In severe forms of diabetes treatment is carried out with great care. Can suddenly worsen, because the antioxidant defense system is broken.

For physiotherapy and hydrotherapy methods include, or hydrotherapy. The essence of this method - in the external application of water. It could be pouring, wraps, shower, bath, wiping, etc. Various water treatment stimulates blood flow and lymph flow.

As a result, water treatment increases lymph and blood flow to a particular area, improved nutrition and respiration of cells in this area. This is beneficial for tissue repair and for the whole body.

Therapeutic effects of water based on the fact that by warming or cooling. Hot water dilates blood vessels, thus increasing blood flow and lymph flow in a certain place. Cold water, however, leads to a narrowing of veins and arteries. On this site reduces the amount of blood and lymph. The alternation of hot and cold water can bring fresh portions of oxygen and nutrients in a particular area of the body. Hydrotherapy is used in the complex sanatorium treatment, as well as in everyday life. Every patient with diabetes may use a contrast shower, alternating hot and cold water. It has beneficial effects on the nervous system, blood circulation, has a tonic and invigorating action.

Some caution should be exercised in a decreased sensitivity of limbs, which often occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus. Using excessively hot water can cause burns because the patient does not always feel right temperature. It is undesirable to use and extremely cold water, so as not to catch cold. And the rest of hydrotherapy - an effective, affordable and secure method. However, preliminary medical consultation is still necessary.

Balneotherapy (from Latin. Balnem - bath, bathing) for at least an effective treatment for patients with diabetes. This method is based on the treatment of natural or artificially prepared mineral waters. Balneotherapy is used in complex sanatorium treatment. For more information on it is written in the thematic section of the sanitary-health resort treatment on an information portal on vital diabetunet.ru.

The Average Duration of Insulin

2011-06-28T02:14:00.000-07:00

Intermediate-acting insulins

1. Berlinsulin X foams. Produced in Germany. Drug is given by the following indications:

* Diabetes mellitus type 1;

* Diabetes mellitus type 2: stage of resistance to oral hypoglycemic means, partial resistance to these drugs, intercurrent illness, surgery, pregnancy (if the ineffectiveness of diet).

The drug can cause side effects: hypoglycaemic state, and hypoglycemic coma, skin rash, angioedema, anaphylactic shock, flushing and itching at the injection, the introduction of lipodystrophy in place of the drug. The drug is available in the following variations.

Berlinsulin A normal pen. The active ingredient is neutral insulin, identical to human insulin. Solution for injection is available in cartridges of 1.5 ml (1 ml of 100 EA) of 5 pieces and 20 pieces. The drug takes effect within 10-15 minutes after injection, the effect lasts 68 hours daily dose injected subcutaneously in 3-4 hours.

Injections made in 10-15 minutes before eating.

X Berlinsulin basal pen. The active substance is insulin isophane protamine that is identical to a human. Suspension for injection (1 ml - 100 EA) is available in cartridges of 1.5 ml of 5 and 20 pieces per pack. The drug takes effect 30-45 minutes after injection. The action continues 18 - 20 h. The daily dose of the drug is administered as a 1 - 2 subcutaneous injections for 30-45 minutes before eating.

Berlinsulin X 10/90 foam. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin (1 ml - 10 EA). Suspension for injection comes in cartridges of 1.5 ml of 5 and 20 pieces per pack. The drug takes effect after 3045 min after injection. The action continues 16-18 hours

The daily dose is divided into two injections. Injections are made for 30-45 minutes before eating.

Berlinsulin X 20/80 foam. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin (1 ml - 20 EA) or crystalline protamine suspension (1 ml - 80 EA). Suspension for injection comes in cartridges of 1.5 ml of 5 and 20 pieces per pack. The drug takes effect 30-45 minutes after injection. The action continues 14-16 hours daily dose is divided into two injections. The drug is injected 30-45 minutes before eating.

Berlinsulin X 30/70 foam. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin (1 ml - 30 EA) and crystalline protamine suspension (1 ml - 30 EA). Suspension for injection comes in cartridges of 1.5 ml of 5 and 20 pieces per pack. The drug takes effect 30-45 minutes after injection. The action continues 14-15 hours daily dose is divided into two injections. The drug is injected 30-45 minutes before eating.

Berlinsulin X 40/60 foam. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin (1 ml - 40 EA) or crystalline protamine suspension (1 ml - 60 EA). Suspension for injection comes in cartridges of 1.5 ml of 5 and 20 pieces per pack. The drug takes effect 30-45 minutes after injection. The action continues 14-15 hours daily dose is divided into two injections. The drug is injected 30-45 minutes before eating.

2. Insuman base. Produced in Germany. The active substance is insulin isophane protamine identical to human insulin. Suspension for injection comes in 10 ml vial, 5 pieces per pack. The drug lowers blood glucose levels. The action begins at 1 h after injection. Duration of action is 11-20 h.

Drug is given by the following testimony m:

* Insulin-dependent diabetes, diabetes during pregnancy, intolerance to other insulin preparations, the labile forms of diabetes associated with the presence of high titers of antibodies to insulin, islet cell transplantation of the pancreas;

* Insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, including resistance to oral antidiabetic drugs, surgery, intercurrent illness, pregnancy (if the ineffectiveness of diet).

The drug should be administered subcutaneously for 45-60 minutes before eating. Places inekuy should be changed. Dose is determined individually. The drug should be stored refrigerated at 2 - 8 ° C. Freezing is not allowed.

3. Protafan XM. Manufactured in Denmark. The active substance is insulin isophane protamine, identical to human insulin. Suspension for injection comes in vials of 10 ml and 3 ml Penfill. Protafan XM refers to preparations of insulin intermediate-acting. Lowers blood glucose levels. The action begins at 1.5 h after injection, lasts 24 hours

Dose is determined individually. Protafan XM is administered subcutaneously. Drug is given by the following indications:

* Diabetes mellitus type 1;

* Diabetes mellitus type 2: stage of resistance to oral hypoglycemic means, partial resistance to these drugs, intercurrent illness, surgery, pregnancy (if the ineffectiveness of diet).

The drug can cause side effects: hypoglycaemic state, and Prek hypoglycemic coma, flushing and itching at the injection site, allergic reaction to a skin rash, angioedema, laryngeal edema, anaphylaxis. With prolonged use of the drug can lipodystrophy.

Protafan XM should be stored in a refrigerator at 2-8 degrees C. The drug must not be frozen, and exposed to sunlight.

4. Protafan XM Penfill. Manufactured in Denmark. The active substance is insulin isophane protamine, identical to human insulin. Suspension for injection (1 ml of 100 units) is available in 1.5-ml Penfill and 3 ml.

The drug is insulin, the average duration of action.

Action starts at 1.5 h after injection, lasts 24 hours

Drug is given by the following indications:

* Diabetes mellitus type 1;

* Diabetes mellitus type 2: stage of resistance to oral hypoglycemic means partial resistance to these drugs, intercurrent illness, surgery, pregnancy (if the ineffectiveness of diet).

Insulin dose should be determined individually. Protafan XM Penfill subcutaneously.

The drug can cause side effects: hypoglycaemic state, and Prek hypoglycemic coma, flushing and itching at the injection site, allergic reaction to a skin rash, angioedema, laryngeal edema, anaphylaxis. With prolonged use of the drug can lipodystrophy.

The drug must be refrigerated at 2 - 8 degrees C.

5. Homofan 100. Produced in Croatia. The active substance is insulin isophane protamine, identical to a human. Suspension for injection (1 ml - 100 units) is available in Penfill 1, 5 ml, pack of 5 pieces.

Homofan 100 belongs to the intermediate-acting drugs. The drug takes effect after 1.5 h after injection, the effect lasts 24 hours drug is given by the following indications:

* Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children, pregnancy, intensified insulin therapy.

The drug is used 1 - 2 times a day. Time of application and dosage is determined individually. Therapy may be supplemented by short-acting insulin preparation. Homofan 100 administered subcutaneously.

The drug can cause hypoglycemia as a side effect. It is usually due to errors in the diet, irregular administration of insulin or an overdose.

Bottles should be stored in a refrigerator at 2 - 8 degrees C. Freezing of the drug is not allowed.

6. Mikstard XM Penfill. Manufactured in Denmark. The active ingredient is neutral insulin and isophane protamine insulin.

The drug reference insulin. Starts to operate in half an hour after the injection, the effect lasts 24 hours

Drug is given by the following indications:

* Insulinozavismy diabetes, diabetes during pregnancy, intolerance to other drugs insulinosoderzhaschih, labile form of diabetes is associated with the presence of high titers of antibodies to insulin, transplantauiya islet;

* Insulinnezavimy diabetes, including resistance to oral antidiabetic drugs, surgery, pregnancy (if the ineffectiveness of diet).

Dose is determined individually. The drug is administered subcutaneously.

Can have side effects: hypoglycaemic state, allergic reakuii, lipodystrophy.

Bottles should be stored in a refrigerator at 2-8 degrees C. Freezing of the drug is not allowed.

7. MonotardHM. Produced in Denmark, India. The active ingredient is Winkie suspension of insulin that is identical to human insulin. Suspension for injection comes in vials of 10 ml.

Monotard XM refers to preparations of insulin intermediate-acting. The drug takes effect after 2.5 h after subcutaneous administration, the effect lasts 24 hours

Drug is given by the following indications:

* Diabetes mellitus type 1;

* Diabetes mellitus type 2: stage of resistance to oral hypoglycemic means, partial resistance to these drugs, intercurrent illness, surgery, pregnancy (if the ineffectiveness of diet).

Dose is determined individually.

Monotard XM can cause the following side effects: hypoglycaemic state, hypoglycemic Prek and who, allergic reactions.

Monotard XM should be stored in a refrigerator at 2-8 degrees C. Freeze preparation is impossible.

8. Homolong 40. Produced in Croatia. The active ingredient is Winkie suspension of insulin containing 300, 0, amorphous and crystalline insulin 70% identical to human insulin. Suspension for injection comes in vials of 10ml.

Homolong 40 refers to preparations of insulin expectancy. Hypoglycemic effect occurs at 2.5 h after injection, the effect lasts 22 hours

Drug is given by the following indications:

* Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, complications of insulin therapy, due to the traditional method of insulin (insulin resistance, allergic reactions, lipodystrophy post-injection), pregnancy, diabetes in childhood.

The drug is used 1 - 2 times a day. Hours and dosage is determined individually.

Homolong 40 can cause hypoglycemia, which is usually caused by errors in the diet, irregular or taking an overdose of insulin.

Short-Acting Insulins

2011-06-26T19:54:00.000-07:00

1. Aktranid XM. This drug produced in India, Denmark. The active ingredient is a monocomponent neutral insulin solution is identical to human insulin. Solution for injection comes in 3 mL Penfill and 06ychyyx 10 ml vials. 1 ml contains 100 IU of the active substance.

Actrapid HM - a short-acting insulin preparation. Its action starts in half an hour after the injection, lasts 6 - 8 pm

By the indications for this drug include:

* Diabetes mellitus type 1;

* Diabetes mellitus type 2: stage of resistance to oral hypoglycemic means, partial resistance to these drugs (combination therapy), intercurrent illness, opera1JII, pregnancy (if the ineffectiveness of diet).

In addition, the drug can be assigned to patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, coma ketoatsidoticheskoy, if you are allergic to animal insulin preparations.

Actrapid HM administered subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly. The dose is determined individually. If Actrapid HM used in their pure form, it can be assigned to three times a day, sometimes 5-6 times a day. If the patient is transferred to the bull or mixed insulin, the dose must adjust.

When you receive Actrapid hm may experience the following side effects: hypoglycemia, allergic reactions, disorders refraK1JII, which are transient.

The drug should be stored in a refrigerator at 2-8 degrees C. Do not freeze bottles. If the drug is stored at room temperature, it should be used within 6 weeks.

2. Actrapid HM Penfill. Manufactured in Denmark. The active ingredient is a monocomponent neutral insulin solution, identical to human insulin. The solution is to ineK1JY Penfill of 1.5 ml and 3 ml injection pens.

The drug belongs to a short-acting insulin.

Starts to operate in half an hour after the administration of the body, acts 6-8 hours Indications are the same as when using Actrapid HM. The drug is administered subcutaneously. The dose is determined individually. Storage conditions are similar to Actrapid HM.

3. Insuman Rapid. Produced in Germany. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin that is identical to human insulin. Solution for injection is available in vials x 10 ml, 5 pieces per pack, in cartridges for injection pens.

Insuman Rapid refers to preparations of insulin with a rapid onset and short duration of action. Leads to a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels. The drug takes effect within half an hour after administration.

The action continues 5.8 hours

By the indications for use Insumana Rapida include:

* 1 diabetes type-two;

* Diabetes mellitus type 2: resistance to oral hypoglycemic medications, intercurrent illness, surgery, pregnancy (if the ineffectiveness of diet).

Dose is determined individually. The drug should be administered subcutaneously or intravenously. Subcutaneous drug is administered for 15 - 20 minutes before eating.

Can have side effects: hypoglycemia, hypoglycemic coma and precoma, allergic reaction.

4. Homoral 40. Produced in Croatia. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin that is identical to human insulin. The drug is available in vials of 1 ml O. Homoral 40 - a short-acting insulin preparation. Reduction in blood glucose levels begin half an hour after injection. Effect of the drug an average of 8 hours.

By reading meters for use Homorala 40 include:

* Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Particularly effective drug in cases where urgent intervention is necessary, such as diabetic coma and precoma, surgery, pregnancy, childhood and adolescence.

Homoral 40 is used two or more times per day. The dose is determined individually. The drug should be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously. Homoral can be mixed with other drugs to human insulin.

Homoral 40 can cause hypoglycemia as a side effect. Such a condition can result from errors in the assigned diet, irregular administration of insulin or a drug overdose.

5. Homoral 100. Produced in Croatia. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin that is identical to human insulin. The drug is available in Penfill of 1.5 ml, in multiples of 5 pieces. Indications for use of this drug are similar to the previous one. Time and dosage is determined individually. By the side effect is hypoglycemia.

6. Humulin regular. Produced in India. The active substance is identical to human insulin. The drug is available in bottles of 10 ml and 3 ml Penfill (1 ml - 100 U).

Short-acting. It is based on recombinant DNA, the exact number of amino acid human insulin. The drug takes effect within 10 min after injection, the effect lasts 6-8 h.

By the indications for the use of regular Humulin include:

* Insulin-dependent form of diabetes: hyperosmolar coma, preparation for surgery, trauma, acute infections.

The dose is determined individually, focusing on the patient's condition. In pure form, the drug is administered 3-4 times per day.

Humulin regular can cause such side effects, insulin resistance, hypersensitivity reaction.

The drug is contraindicated if you are sensitive to it, as well as hypoglycemia.

7. Berlinsulin HU-40. Produced in Germany. Drug is given by the following indications:

* Diabetes mellitus type 1;

* Diabetes mellitus type 2: stage of resistance to oral hypoglycemic drugs, partial resistance to these drugs, intercurrent illness, surgery, pregnancy (if the ineffectiveness of diet), diabetic coma.

The drug is available in the following flavors:

Berlinsulin A normal V-40. The active ingredient is neutral insulin identical to human insulin. Solution for injection in vials of 10 ml. The drug takes effect within 10-15 minutes after injection, the duration of 6-8 hours daily dose should be administered subcutaneously in 3-4 hours. In diabetic coma drug is administered within the vein but.

X Berlinsulin basal U-40. The active substance is insulin isophane protamine, identical to human insulin. Suspension for injection comes in vials of 10 ml. Takes effect 30-45 minutes after injection, the duration of 18-20 hours daily dose is administered as a 1 - 2 subcutaneous injections.

Berlinsulin X 10/90 U-40. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin (1 ml - 4 EA) or crystalline protamine suspension (1 ml - 36 EA). Suspension for injection comes in vials of 10 ml. The daily dose is divided into two injections, 2 / 3 doses should be administered in the morning, 1 / 3 dose - in the evening. Injections are made for 30-45 minutes before eating.

These drugs can cause side effects: Hypoglycemic coma, hypoglycemic condition, skin rash, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

Injection site may occur flushing, itching. With prolonged use at injection sites can be observed lipodystrophy.

Berlinsulin X 20/80 U-40. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin (1 ml - 8 EA) or crystalline protamine suspension (1 ml - 32 EA).

Suspension for injection comes in a bottle of 10 ml. The drug takes effect 30-45 minutes after injection, the effect lasts 14-16 hours.

Dosage and side effects are similar to the previous preparation.

Berlinsulin X 30/70 U-40. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin (1 ml - 12 EA) or crystalline protamine suspension (1 ml - 28 EA). Suspension for injection comes in vials of 10 ml. The drug takes effect 30-45 minutes after injection, the effect lasts 14-15 hours.

Dosage and side effects are similar to the previous preparation.

Berlinsulin X 40/60 U-40. The active substance is a neutral solution of insulin (1 ml - 16 EA) or crystalline protamine suspension (1 ml - 24 EA). Suspension for injection in vials of 10 ml. The drug takes effect 30-45 minutes after injection, the effect lasts 14-15 hours Dosage and side effects are similar to the previous preparation.

Rapid-Acting Insulin

2011-06-23T01:12:00.000-07:00

1. Humalog. Produced in the United States. The preparation is a solution for injection in vials of 10 ml and Penfill (special bottle) of 3 ml. In multiples of 5 pieces. The active ingredient is neutral lizproinsulin.

Humalog is an analogue of human insulin. The drug begins to act quickly. But the effect of it is enough korotkovremenny. This is due to the acceleration of absorption from the subcutaneous depot by storing in a solution of monomer molecular structure dizproinsulina. Humalog takes effect 15 min after injection. The total duration of 3-4 hours

By the indications for use of this drug include:

* Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: intolerance to other drugs, with postprandial hyperglycemia, which can not be corrected by other insulin preparations, acute subcutaneous insulin resistance;

* Insulin-independent diabetes mellitus: the cases of resistance to oral antidiabetic drugs (impaired absorption of other insulins, postprandial hyperglycemia), surgery, intercurrent diseases.

In order to pick up a dose, take into account the individual characteristics of the patient. Humalog can be injected subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly. Should be administered subcutaneously, the drug, which comes in cartridges. Humalog is administered for 5-15 minutes before eating. In pure form, injections made 4-6 times a day, in combination with insulin preparations with prolonged action - 3 times a day.

Humalog, which comes in vials, mixed in one syringe with drugs that have a longer duration of action. If the transferred patients with high-performance products for animal insulin Humalog, it is necessary to adjust the dose.

Sometimes the translation from one insulin to another is carried out only in a hospital.

In Humaloga have side effects. These include hypoglycemia, hypoglycemic coma and precoma, transient disturbances of refraction, allergy, lipodystrophy.

Humalog should be stored in a refrigerator at 2-8 degrees C.

You can not freeze the bottle. Already used a bottle or cartridge can store up to 28 days at room temperature. The drug should be protected from direct exposure to heat and light.

2. Insulin-acting insulin is also NovroRapid (aspart), produced by "NovoNordisk." Its mechanism of action is the same as that of Humaloga. The drug is available in Penfill 3 ml (1 ml of 100 units).

Insulin Shock Therapy

2011-06-22T01:03:00.000-07:00

There are three basic modes of insulin therapy. They each have their advantages and disadvantages.

In a healthy person insulin secretion occurs constantly and is about 1 IU of insulin in 1 h, the so-called basal or background secretion. During the meal, a rapid (bolus) insulin concentrations increase many times over. Stimulated insulin secretion is approximately 1-2 units for every 10 grams of carbohydrates. While maintaining a constant balance between the concentration of insulin and the need for it on the basis of feedback.

A patient with diabetes mellitus type 1 requires insulin replacement, which would mimic insulin secretion under physiological conditions. Need to use different types of insulin at different times. To achieve satisfactory results by a single introduction of insulin in patients with diabetes type 1 is impossible. Injections can be from 2 to 5-6 times a day. The more injections, the treatment of insulin more close to physiological. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 with preserved beta cell function rather one-, two-time insulin to maintain the state for compensation.

1. Fixed-dose regime (regular insulin)

Treatment of diabetes in this mode assumes that the number of units of bread (carbohydrate) every day at every meal has remained relatively constant. Accordingly, doses of insulin are also constant (fixed). Before eating, we introduce a short insulin, insulin prolonged shooting up for a night or two times a day.

The total daily dose (short and extended) of insulin may reach 0.6-1.2 U / kg.

Insulin therapy in this mode is ineffective. Blood sugar with this method of treatment varies considerably from high to low values. Obtain compensation for diabetes, using the fixed-dose regime is almost impossible. But this option is included in the treatment of diabetes (especially the elderly), when you have to make compromises.

2. Intensive insulin therapy (base-bolus regime)

To simulate normal daily (basal) secretion of insulin 2 times a day (12 hours), prolonged insulin is introduced, usually a morning dose of insulin is somewhat greater than at bedtime.

To create a nutritional peak, "teasing" short insulin before each meal (3 meals - 3 short-bolus insulin). To calculate the dose of short-insulin is necessary to know their blood glucose before each meal and the planned number of units of grain at the reception.

Intensive insulin therapy simulates the normal functioning of the pancreas and consistent way of life. It is understandable optimistic motto "diabetes - is not a disease but a way of life" when the patient's freedom is not restricted, no restriction in the diet does not exist (as you eat, how much insulin was introduced, if eaten more than the estimated dose, just need to pin insulin).

3. Combined insulin

Combines diet, oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin injections prolonged for a night or two times a day (usually 12 units in the morning and 8 units at bedtime).

Treatment of type 2 diabetes provides excellent results in most patients, if we use the following combination: insulin glargine (Lantus) once in the morning or evening, sulfonylurea + 3rd generation (MW Diabeton or Amaryl) once in the morning + (with obesity), metformin.

Vials short-acting insulin Actrapid and NovoRapid 10 ml vial at a concentration 100ME/ml.

Insulin therapy has the task of the maximum possible compensation of carbohydrate metabolism, prevention of hypo-and hyperglycemia, and thus prevent complications of diabetes. Insulin treatment is vital for people with diabetes type 1 and can be used in some situations for people with diabetes type 2.

Indications for the use of insulin therapy:

    Diabetes mellitus type 1
    Ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperosmolar.
    Pregnancy and childbirth in diabetes mellitus.
    A significant decompensation of diabetes mellitus type 2.
    Lack of effect of treatment of other ways of diabetes type 2.
    A significant reduction in body weight in diabetes mellitus.
    Diabetic nephropathy.

Currently, there are a lot of insulin, which differ in duration of action (ultrashort, short, medium and extended), the degree of purification (monocomponent), species specificity (human, porcine, bovine, genetically engineered, etc.)

In Russia, the insulin derived from cattle, derived from consumption, it is associated with more side effects when applied. Quite often when they are administered allergic reactions, lipodystrophy, insulin resistance develops.

Complex Carbohydrates: The Benefits of Fiber in the Diet for Diabetes

2011-06-14T19:54:00.000-07:00

Good day friends! Today is another theoretical studies, devoted to diabetes.

Figuratively speaking all carbohydrates - it's sugar. But sugar is sugar strife. Simple carbohydrates are dangerous in diabetes, and some complex carbohydrates, doctors recommend for use. Why is this happening? What complex carbohydrates are shown in diabetes? Try to figure it out.

The importance of simple and complex carbohydrates

Once in the human body foods containing simple carbohydrates, instantly absorbed and carbohydrates themselves quickly transformed into sugar. Having obtained the required amount of sugar, the body begins to store the excess, turning them into fat. As a result of a constant diet, saturated carbohydrates, develop obesity. Unfortunately, most of the foods that people consume, it is simple carbs.

In diabetes the situation is much worse. The body converts simple carbohydrates into glucose, which is very poorly absorbed. Uncontrolled consumption of carbohydrates gives the body a serious failure.

And now look at the complex carbohydrates. They are very nutritious and well satisfy hunger, do not contain much sugar, poorly soluble in water, also slowly digested, sometimes even appear in the body intact.

Complex carbohydrates - a chain of at least three molecules of sugar. These include starch, cellulose (dietary fiber), glycogen, and pectin.

Features fiber

Recent studies have shown that of all the complex carbohydrates in diabetes is the least dangerous fiber. For example, in Europe, when choosing foods, dietary fiber did not even think of carbohydrates. Many popular diets as the basic components used food, abounding in fiber.

Fibrous food helps to reduce blood glucose, so the formation of a healthy diet diabetic should pay special attention to dietary fibers.

Fiber is mainly found in foods of plant origin. You will not find it in meat, poultry, eggs or milk. According to research enough dietary fiber obtained only vegetarians. The average person consumes them in 2-2,5 times less. Scientists have established daily rate of fat should range from 25 to 1940

However, dietary fiber exist unpleasant feature - they can not eat too fast. Otherwise the body would be very difficult to recycle (it's because complex carbohydrates, no matter how how). Fiber can greatly overload the intestines that diabetes is strongly discouraged.

The benefits of dietary fiber in diabetes

Dietary fiber type can be classified into two main groups: soluble and insoluble. Use of soluble fiber is especially helpful in diabetes, because it slows the emptying of the stomach, the digestion of sugar and its conversion into glucose. Soluble fiber reduces the concentration of cholesterol in the blood, which is an excellent prevention of the most dangerous complications of diabetes - cardiovascular disease. Both types of fibers have virtually zero calories.

It is very important to obtain tissue from a variety of products. For example, fiber from whole grains have a positive impact on body mass index and blood pressure. Fiber from vegetables reduce blood pressure and homocysteine levels. But the fruit removes excess tissue from the waist and thighs, besides, also displays the harmful cholesterol.

Of course, it is possible to consume fiber in the form of dietary supplements, but as a rule, their content rather monotonous and does not give such effect, as organic foods.

Patients with diabetes should be careful to use food rich simple carbohydrates, less sugar and fat, to monitor the amount of protein. But complex carbohydrates, particularly foods that contain fiber, which can be regarded as the safest in terms of dietary nutrition.

In future articles I will discuss what purged contain plenty of fiber and are useful in diabetes, stay tuned!

I Have Diabetes. 5 Stages of the Perception of Illness

2011-06-13T19:57:00.000-07:00

I have diabetes. Each of us has experienced a similar situation or just passing through. Perhaps this encounter someone from their home or loved ones. And very well, if we who know something will help. Support in word or deed. Tell others why a patient appears one or another reaction to the problem. Because the disease is serious enough.

Everyone who was diagnosed with diabetes undergoing five major stages of perception.

Stage 1: SHOCK

The first and perhaps the most natural reaction of the body - it's a shock. Man denies new disease can not accept the changes and practically does not accept any recommendation of a doctor.

Stage 2: BUNT

After recovering from the shock of the new psychological condition characterized by an aggressive attitude towards others. Here, much will depend on the medical profession. An experienced physician must show restraint and not to succumb to provocations. Rebellious behavior over time will pass, so you should not immediately push for a psychiatric examination.

Stage 3: CONSENT

Finally, when the excitement and anxiety a little abated, there comes a stage of agreement. With the disease, doctors' recommendations, treatments, new way of life. Some internal struggle still continues, the patient tries to argue, brings its own conditions and requirements, seeking a compromise.

Stage 4: Introspection

Depression and Hope are almost there. The problem causes to consider everything that has happened in my life prior to diagnosis. At this stage, an endocrinologist, is obliged to help remove the residual excitement, exercise the utmost patience and insist on learning control of the disease.

Stage 5: ADOPTION OF THE DIAGNOSIS

Sooner or later, diabetic humbled with the diagnosis and taking the first steps to new life. Tries to adapt. The doctor and the patient finally reach mutual understanding, develop an individual meal plan and coordinate the daily routine and medication regimen.

A patient with diabetes should clearly realize that health care can be provided only within the hospital. Outside health depends only on himself.

If the doctor gets consent from the patient to comply with all recommendations are the first positive results, then we can speak of complete understanding. In medical terminology this is called compliance.

It is important that these stages are not delayed for long. Patient, his family and endocrinologist as soon as possible to do everything possible to diabetes from a frightening diagnosis has become a new lifestyle, which has successfully millions of people around the world.

3 Most Useful Tea for Diabetes

2011-06-08T19:12:00.000-07:00

Hello!

If you are accustomed to eat well, and you want to count every eaten. This I refer primarily to newcomers. Many of you have years of eating and drinking and lying on the couch. The stomach is gradually stretched, obesity, captured the strategic areas of the once beautiful and sexual body. And now the reckoning has come - diabetes.

The problem of saturation and over-eating is very crucial in diabetics. How could fill this inner void, and not only do no harm to health, but also benefit? There is a way - let's brewed tea!

Generally, any liquid that contains no carbohydrates and sweets, is useful in large quantities. If you look through the popular manual on diabetes, it is probably the most recommended is blueberry tea, especially for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A fine brew from the leaves of blueberry, as it turns out, their composition is unique to enzyme compound that reduces glucose.

Let us recall that the blueberry is shown at the problems with vision, it is particularly appreciated by patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Beneficial tea from sage. Numerous studies have proved sage promotes the activity of insulin, so again, for patients with type 2 diabetes - is the best natural medicine. It will overload the liver with toxins, relieve fatigue and restore the immune system.

When diabetes is better to refuse drinks containing excessive amounts of caffeine. In this case, there is nothing better than a cup of red tea. This drink has a natural sweetness and suppresses appetite. For the proper effect rather a cup of tea a day (and more).

Before you enter any drink into the diet, consult with your doctor. In each individual case there are contraindications. Suppose, blueberry tea is not recommended in some forms of urolithiasis, sage exacerbates nephritis, can harm pregnancy, and forbidden to drink red tea with acalculous cholecystitis.

Until next time! And enjoy your tea.

Nutritional Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus

2011-06-01T17:35:00.000-07:00

In diabetes diet, proper nutrition plays a vital role. Because diabetes - a disease that are associated with metabolic disorders. If you speak very briefly and simply, diabetes as a result of disruption of the pancreas decreases its production of insulin - the hormone responsible for the uptake of sugar by the body. As a result - increased level of sugar in the blood, which can lead to very unpleasant consequences ...

In today's world there are about 150 million diabetes patients, including 8 million - in Russia. According to forecasts, the figures in 15 years could double.

Proper diet food in diabetes is crucial. To choose the right diet for diabetes, with an easy (and often with moderate) form of type 2 diabetes can be minimized by medication, but if not do without it.

In the first place, and it is unlikely it will be for someone to discovery, diabetes should limit consumption of carbohydrate. This sugar, honey, preserves and jams, candies, pastries and other sweets, sweet fruits and berries: grapes, bananas, raisins, dates. Often there are even recommendations to completely eliminate these foods from the diet, but it is really necessary only in severe diabetes. At the light, and the same medium, subject to regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, eating a small amount of sugar and sweets is quite acceptable.

Not so long ago in a series of studies have found that the progression of diabetes makes a great contribution increased fat in the blood. Therefore, the restriction of use of fatty foods in diabetes is not as important as the restriction of sweets. Total fat, used in the free form and for cooking (butter, vegetable oil, lard, cooking oils) should not exceed 40 grams per day, you also need to limit consumption of other foods containing large amounts of fat (fatty meats, sausages, sausages, salami, cheese, sour cream, mayonnaise).

You also need to severely limit or, better not eat fried, spicy, salty, spicy and smoked food, canned food, pepper, mustard and alcoholic beverages.

And it is really not good for diabetes products containing both high in fat and carbohydrates: chocolate, ice cream, cream cakes ... Here are their best to exclude from your diet completely.

Recommended as diabetes consume the following products:

Bread - up to 200 grams per day, preferably black or a special diabetic. Soups, mostly vegetables. Soups, cooked over low meat or fish broth can be eaten no more frequently than twice a week. Lean meat, poultry (up to 100 grams per day) or fish (up to 150 grams per day) in boiled or jellied form. Dishes and side dishes from cereals, legumes, pasta, you can afford now and then, in small quantities, reducing these days the consumption of bread. Of cereals is better to eat oatmeal and buckwheat, are admissible as millet, barley, rice cereal. But it is advisable not semolina. Vegetables and herbs. Potatoes, beets, carrots recommended to drink no more than 200 grams per day. But other vegetables (cabbage, lettuce, radishes, cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes) and herbs (except spicy) can be used with virtually no restrictions on raw and cooked, and sometimes - in the liver. Eggs - no more than 2 pieces a day: boiled, in the form of an omelette or using for cooking other dishes. Fruits and berries, sour and sour-sweet varieties (apples Antonovka, oranges, lemons, cranberries, red currants ...) - up to 200-300 grams a day.

Milk - a doctor's permission. Milk products (kefir, yogurt, unsweetened yogurt) - 1-2 cups per day. Cheese, sour cream, cream - and occasionally a little bit. Curd with diabetes is recommended to drink daily, up to 100-200 grams per day in kind or in the form curd pancake, cheese cakes, puddings, casseroles. Cottage cheese, as well as oats and buckwheat porridge, bran, rose hips improves fat metabolism and normalize liver function, prevent fatty liver changes. Drinks. Resolved a green or black tea can with milk, weak coffee, tomato juice, juice from the berries and fruit acid varieties.

Eating with diabetes mellitus should be at least 4 times a day, but better - 5-6 times, at one and the same time. Food should be rich in vitamins, micro and macro. Tries to diversify their diet, because the allowed list for diabetes products is not small.

And another important observation. If your doctor advised you to diet, something contrary to what is written on this page - listen to him! Only a physician, knowing your medical history, seeing the test results and your current state, can properly assess the situation and make recommendations that are most appropriate for you and it is now.

Modern Principles of Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

2011-05-31T00:39:00.000-07:00

The term "diabetes" refers to metabolic disorders of different etiology, characterized by the development of chronic hyperglycemia, accompanied by changes in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism that is the result of a defect in insulin action and secretion. Diabetes leads to defeat, dysfunction and the development of failure of various organs and systems, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.

Type 2 diabetes - the most widespread form of the disease, which is characterized by impaired insulin action (insulin resistance) and insulin secretion. Type 2 diabetes can develop at any age but most often after age 40. Start gradually, often against a background of excess body weight. Symptoms of diabetes are absent or weakly expressed. This may be due to slow disease progression and as a result of adaptation of patients to long-existing hyperglycemia. Determined sufficient level of C-peptide, autoantibodies to b-cells producing insulin are lacking. Morphologically in the debut of type 2 diabetes revealed normal dimensions of the pancreas, can be marked hypertrophy of the b-cells. b-cells contain a large number of secretory granules. In contrast, type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease where there is an absolute insulin deficiency due to destruction of b-cells. Leave a comment

Figure 1. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

According to modern concepts in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes plays a key role in insulin secretion violation of b-cells. Revealed signs of peripheral glucose utilization. Schematically, the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is presented in Fig. 1. Leave a comment

Violation of insulin synthesis may occur out of sequence of amino acids in the molecule of insulin and proinsulin conversion to insulin. In both cases, the hormone produced will have low biological activity, leading to the development of hyperglycemia. Insulin secretion may be impaired due to diseases of b-cells with inadequate prenatal and postnatal nutrition, and long existing glyukozotoksichnosti, which supports the secretory defect in insulin secretion, as well as a result of genetic defects in the mechanism of secretion. Leave a comment

Peripheral insulin resistance appears a violation of glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, primarily the liver tissue, muscle and adipose tissue. Most important in her development are defective insulin receptors (decrease in the number and affinity or affinity to insulin) and glucose transporter pathology. Leave a comment

The number of insulin receptors is reduced in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, acromegaly, disease ItsenkoKushinga, glucocorticoid, taking birth control pills. Leave a comment

For the penetration of glucose into the cell is a necessary condition normal functioning of glucose transporters. Fig. Figure 2 shows glucose transport in adipocyte under the influence of insulin. Insulin binds to a-subunit of the receptor on the cell membrane, which leads to autophosphorylation b-subunit. As a result of momentum transfer within the cell system is activated kinase and glucose transporter translocation occurs GLUT-4 in the cell membrane. This ensures the penetration of glucose into the cell. Glucose moves along the concentration gradient by diffusion, which requires no additional energy. In the kidney inflow of glucose occurs against a concentration gradient and requires energy. It is now known glucose transporter 8. The main isoform of the family are shown in Table 1. Leave a comment

Fig. 2. Insulin action on glucose transport in adipocyte

In recent years, there is enough experimental and clinical evidence that the defects in insulin secretion and the development of peripheral insulin resistance is largely due to violations of genetic control. These data are summarized in Table 2. Leave a comment

Non-drug therapies

The most important goals in the treatment of diabetes are: elimination of symptoms, optimal metabolic control, prevention of acute and chronic complications, achieving the highest possible quality of life and accessibility for patients.

Goals are achieved with the basic principles of treatment are crucial for patients with diabetes of both types: diabetic diet, dosed exercise, training and self-control.

If in type 2 diabetes as monotherapy diet is ineffective, requires the appointment of saharoponizhayuschih oral medications. In diabetes type 1 is always assigned to insulin.

Diet therapy for type 2 diabetes must meet the following requirements: the exclusion of refined carbohydrates (sugar, honey, jam, etc.), low intake of saturated fats and total fat content should not exceed 30-35% of daily energy needs; carbohydrates should provide 50-60% protein to 15% calorie daily diet, we recommend the preemptive use of complex carbohydrates and foods rich in soluble fiber, to produce menus use special tables, in which all foods are divided into groups: food,

that can not be limited, the products that must be considered, and products that should be deleted; meals preferably distributed evenly throughout the day, allowed to use beskaloriynyh sweeteners, if not contraindicated, is recommended not to restrict fluid intake, to limit or eliminate alcohol intake.

Very relevant is the question of compensation criteria for type 2 diabetes. According to the recommendations of the European Group Policy diabetes [2], the risk of complications is estimated, as shown in Table 3.

In addition to the state of carbohydrate metabolism, one must also consider the degree of lipid metabolism and blood pressure levels, because hyperglycemia after these factors are essential in the development of cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Leave a comment

Tableted products saharoponizhayuschie

Treatment of type 2 diabetes always begin with the appointment of diet and dosed physical load. It should also explain to the patient the need to conduct self-monitoring and teach it at home using test strips (glucose in the blood and urine). In those cases where it proves to be ineffective, prescribe tablets saharoponi distorting drugs. Use three groups of drugs: inhibitors of a-glucosidase sulfonilamidy and biguanides. Leave a comment

Inhibitors of a-glucosidases (acarbose) reduce glucose absorption in the intestine and are effective in the early stages of the disease. Leave a comment

More commonly used sulfonylureas, which are divided into samples for 1 st and 2 nd generation. Samples for 1 st generation are less effective and is now in our country are not used. Drugs 2 nd generation is active sekretogeny their saharoponizhayuschy effect appears at a daily dose of 50,100 times smaller than that of drugs a second generation. The most commonly used now are gliclazide, glibenclamide, glipizide, glikvidon.

Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion b-cells in the pancreas. Initially, the drug is binding to receptors on the surface of b-cells is closely associated with the ATP-dependent K + channels. Then, the closing of these channels and depolymerization of the membrane. The discovery followed by calcium channel provides a flow of calcium ions inside the b-cells and stimulation of insulin secretion. It should be borne in mind that the appointment of a number of drugs can be marked as a strengthening and weakening of the sulfonylureas. Drugs to lower their operation are as follows: thiazide diuretics, b-blockers, corticosteroids, indomethacin, isoniazid, niacin, calcium antagonists.

Potentiate the action of these drugs: salicylates, sulfonamides, pyrazolone derivatives,

clofibrate, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, anticoagulants, alcohol. Leave a comment

Treatment of derivatives of sulfonylurea is contraindicated in: type 1 diabetes or secondary (pancreatic) diabetes mellitus, pregnancy and lactation (because of teratogenicity), surgery (larger operations), severe infections, trauma, allergy to sulfonylurea drugs or similar drugs history, there is a risk of severe hypoglycemia. Leave a comment

Group tablets saharoponizhayuschih biguanide drugs are now presented with metformin. In contrast to the above-mentioned drugs biguanides do not increase insulin secretion. Saharoponizhayuschee biguanide effect is seen only in the event that the blood has enough insulin. Biguanides enhance its action on peripheral tissues, reducing insulin resistance. Biguanides increase glucose uptake by muscles and adipose tissue by increasing insulin binding to receptors and increase the activity of GLUT-4. They reduce production of glucose by the liver, glucose absorption in the intestine, increase its utilization, reduce appetite. Their purpose is contraindicated in: renal impairment, hypoxic conditions of any cause (cardiovascular disease, lung disease, anemia, infectious disease), acute complications of diabetes, alcohol abuse, laktatatsidoze history.

Insulinotherapy

In patients with a prolonged course of disease often develop secondary resistance to peroral saharoponizhayuschim drugs. At the onset of type 2 diabetes require insulin 2-3% of patients, and 10-15 years from the onset of the disease in half of patients previous treatment is ineffective and there are indications for insulin therapy. On average, 10-15% of patients with type 2 diabetes each year go on insulin therapy.

Indications for use of insulin in type 2 diabetes are: a temporary increase in insulin requirements, a sharp decrease in insulin secretion, cases of hyperglycemia does not respond to other forms of therapy. Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes may be temporary or lifelong. Temporary insulin therapy is indicated for: stress, acute illness, the need for surgery, acute infections, stroke, myocardial infarction, pregnancy and lactation. Lifelong insulin therapy is indicated for diabetes mellitus with late autoimmune origin and secondary resistance to saharoponizhayuschim tableted drugs. Leave a comment

Secondary resistance to the tableted product is the result of reducing the weight of b-cells and / or increase insulin resistance. Side effects of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes are: weight gain, frequent hunger, fluid retention and sodium, the risk of hypoglycemia. In this case, may use different modes of insulin therapy: long-acting insulin at bedtime in combination with diet and daily intake of tablets of drugs; twofold insulin short-and long-acting before breakfast and dinner; tablet combination therapy drugs and insulin, intensive insulin therapy in the basal-bolus regime for Persons younger.

Leave a comment

Intensive insulin therapy involves the introduction of long-acting insulin twice a day (usually before breakfast and before bedtime) and short-acting insulin before each meal. To maintain the compensation of the disease at the level of normoglycemia and glycosuria should be learning and self-control patient. Leave a comment

To facilitate injections use a semi-automatic injectors, syringe pens, which use heat-stable insulin. Have ready a mixture of insulin in which insulin short-and long-acting mixed in factory conditions, which is convenient for patients and reduces the error rate when mixed insulin by the patient. Leave a comment

The most difficult question remains about when to start insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. It should be addressed individually in each case by analyzing the indications, contraindications, the goals of therapy. Achieving and maintaining a stable compensation of the disease is essential for the prevention and timely treatment of chronic complications of diabetes.

In addition to traditional drugs in recent years in clinical practice is being introduced more and more effective new drugs, many of which have unique properties. Thus, the use of new drugs sulfonylureas daily glimepiride and glipizide steps you can take 1 every day. Proposed and a short-acting drug that restores insulin secretion after a meal, repaglinide. Studied drugs that affect peripheral insulin resistance (group glitazones).

Development of diabetology ensures a high metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes, because Doctors have in the arsenal of modern tablet preparations and preparations of insulin, the means of their introduction, the means of self-control training system patients. All of this in clinical practice makes it possible to provide a high quality of life and delay the development of chronic complications of the disease.

Educating Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2011-05-17T23:41:00.000-07:00

In diabetes mellitus (especially type 1 diabetes), the patient must spend life rather complicated treatment, right to expect the necessary amount of insulin which is necessary to introduce to balance effect of food (which is evaluated using a system of "bread units), taking into account the level of blood glucose before meal, the effect of physical activity, comorbidities, etc.

In order to successfully manage their own blood glucose levels, the patient must undergo a special training program "Diabetes School". Usually it is held in the form of group sessions, total duration of at least 20-25 hours of study in type 1 diabetes and at least 15-20 hours of type 2 diabetes.

Such training has been called a structured and fundamentally different from simple conversations with patients (or read them lectures) for those or other topics related to diabetes. For structured learning characteristically follow a specially prepared program, divided into topics and learning steps within these themes. Teaching the next block of the material begins only after the group had learned the previous one. The level of knowledge of patients is monitored by means of questionnaire at the beginning and end of the course. Sufficient attention should be given the practical activity of patients: problem solving ("how to act in a particular case"), development of skills of self-control blood glucose, insulin injection techniques, etc.).

Not every endocrinologist (capable of competently treat patients with diabetes) is capable of without the proper training to conduct group training. In this regard, there are special methods of preparation "educator" (which may include doctors (mostly in Russia) or nurses (often overseas)).

When type 2 diabetes, such training is no less important than in type 1 diabetes. Courses for patients with type 2 diabetes not receiving insulin and receiving, are distinct. Education in these categories should always be carried out separately. For patients without insulin emphasis is on nutrition, weight loss. The program also includes a self-blood glucose, proper docking of hypoglycaemia, prevention of complications of diabetes. The result of well-conducted study is to reduce weight, the actual inclusion of glucose-lowering effect of dieting, which reduces the dosage of OSSP. It is shown that the frequency of self-control is correlated with the quality of diabet.

When type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy, in addition to the above, training is needed to the rules of insulin, as well as the fact that the carbohydrate content in foods should be distinguished from the caloric content. The degree of self-correction of insulin varies depending on the abilities and motivation of the patient: the increase / decrease the dose of ICDs for 2-4 units with a high / low blood sugar before eating (this patient is recommended to maintain approximately the same carbohydrate content in meals each day) to intensive diabetes management c calculated required dose of insulin before a meal on the "bread units" as in type 1 diabetes.

The problem, which often takes place in Russia lies in the fact that education in the School of diabetes, "runs the majority of patients, but very often it is formal in nature, conducted in violation of principles of group patient education. As a result, many patients retain the state of decompensation of diabetes and can not really control your blood sugar in spite of the training.

The most frequent errors in training:

Combining the classroom in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving and not receiving insulin (and even more so - with type 1 and type 2) Education in too large groups (more than 8-10 patients), which makes it impossible to work individually with each of them, control the assimilation of material and adjust therapy during the course.

Continuous reading of a series of lectures at the hospital in which hospitalized patients begin studying from 1 st class, but with what is currently Insufficient duration of the course. Lack of proper training and certification of "educator" (eg, conducting classes alternately all doctors belonging to the staff offices).

Lack of interactive learning and its integration with the treatment process. Complete the School of diabetes - is not just a series of lectures (and even more so - not videokurs demonstrated by patients), but detailed answers to questions from the audience, evaluation and self-correction therapy for each participant group. This provides not only the transfer of educational material, but also the creation of the listeners of motivation to adopt the new behaviors required for successful management of diabetes.

In the "Patients" were surveyed site visitors on how quality education they occurred.

Drug-Free Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes

2011-05-16T02:46:00.000-07:00

Drug-free treatment - an important part of the patient with diabetes, especially when it comes to treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Key measures of non-drug treatment of diabetes can be characterized as "healthy way of life" - the normalization and maintenance of normal body weight, nutritional therapy (individual meal plan), not smoking and excessive alcohol consumption and regular exercise.

    Treatment of food (nutritional therapy) occupies an important place on the stage of prevention, treatment of diabetes, as well as prevention / slowing the progression of diabetic complications.

    Goal of nutritional therapy - to achieve and maintain target blood glucose, cholesterol, blood pressure, normal body weight with regard to the specifics needs and preferences of individual patients. All dietary restrictions should be based on scientific evidence.

    Clinical studies of the effectiveness of nutritional therapy have shown that adequate nutrition leads to a reduction in HbA1c by 1% in patients with type 1 diabetes and 1.2% in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the effectiveness of individual food plan depends on the length of diabetes - the earlier intervention started, so it efficiently. Meta-analysis of studies of NT in people without diabetes, indicating a decrease in LDL cholesterol by 15-25 mg / dl.

Meta-analysis of clinical trials and expert opinion also confirmed the important role of lifestyle changes in the treatment of hypertension.

Is very important to support physician or other, so our advice on lifestyle changes and / or food should be specific and consistent, and support - regular.

• Patients who are overweight (particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes) to assist in lifestyle modifications - reducing daily caloric intake, primarily - at the expense of fat (no more than 30% of daily calories), the development plan for regular physical activity. Goal - a persistent reduction in body weight by 5-7%. Additional possible gives medical therapy of obesity, while a BMI over 35 kg/m2 is recommended the use of bariatric surgery, which also has a positive effect on diabetes control. Available data do not allow us to recommend a diet for patients with severely restricting carbohydrates, starvation or drastic reduction of daily calories (less than 800 kcal / day).

• As a foundation food (50-60% of daily calories) in patients with diabetes are recommended to complex carbohydrates with plenty of fiber (vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, dairy products low in fat). The key point in achieving normoglycemia, especially in patients treated with insulin injections, is the allowance of carbohydrates in the diet (perhaps use different systems of counting). Restriction of foods with a high glycemic index may bring additional benefits compared with simple light carbohydrate, but not necessarily demand it. If the patient uses the simple carbohydrates, this should be taken into account in treatment. Instead of table sugar and may safely use nekaloriynyh sweeteners, but is not recommended to use fructose in large amounts.

• We recommend limiting consumption of saturated fats (less than 7% of daily calories), particularly in patients with dyslipidemia, and the introduction of the diet of fish dishes (2 or more times per week).

• In the absence of proteinuria, the recommended protein content in food - 15-20% of daily calories.

• If a patient with diabetes, drinking alcohol, it is considered safe moderate drinking (no more than 15 g in terms of pure alcohol per day for women and no more than 30 grams - for men).

• Patients are often asked to advise the "vegetable" for the treatment of diabetes, many of our patients take a variety of dietary supplements and surcharges. Patients should be informed that the scientific evidence on the usefulness of certain herbs and nutritional supplements in people with diabetes do not exist. In addition, their possible side effects and interactions with other drugs are not known.

• A mandatory moment is training in proper behavior during hypoglycemia, as well as measures to prevent it (if you exercise, concomitant diseases, changes in the usual mode of day, etc.).

• Physical activity is especially important for overweight and obesity. It should be regular, with a gradual increase of the intensity of the load and taking into account patient preference and existing comorbidities.

Insulin Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

2011-05-09T20:07:00.000-07:00

   Basic principles:

    • Intensified insulin therapy (mode "basal bolus"). Such a mode of insulin administration most closely matches the daily profile of insulin in humans without diabetes. Short-acting insulin (ICD) is inserted before each meal, insulin is longer-acting (SDI) introduced 1 or 2 times a day, creating a background concentration of insulin between meals (including at night).

    • The patient can and should be independently change the dose of insulin (in the first place, ICD), depending on blood glucose before meals and the amount of carbohydrates eaten (counting on the "bread units (XE), as well as taking into account physical activity, comorbidities, etc.

    • To successfully manage diabetes, the patient must undergo special training (usually a group) on a structured program "Diabetes School" (at least 20-25 hours of training, with the program, divided into training steps, with sufficient attention to the practical activity of patients, etc.).

    • Diet for type 1 diabetes is a "liberalized". Almost any dish can be estimated action with the help of bread units and balance it correctly calculated the short-acting insulin dose. Saved only minor limitations: (1) not more than 7-10 XE for eating, (2) avoid much carbohydrates (fruit juices, lemonade), because increase blood glucose after taking "ahead of" the action of insulin, (3) avoid foods in which it is difficult to calculate the XE and determine the rate of assimilation.

    • Role of the endocrinologist: monitoring the success of diabetes management (blood glucose measurement results, the patient recorded in the diary of self-control, glycated hemoglobin), assistance in making the right decisions on the calculation of doses of insulin (discussion blog), regular screening for early detection or exclusion of diabetic complications (assessment of the "target organs" DM).
    Means of insulin

    • Insulin syringes (with graduation not in ml, and in units of insulin, and a short (6-13 mm) needle for subcutaneous injection)

    • Syringe-pen (automatic syringe with a cartridge of insulin for several days). Injections and the addition of antimicrobial agents in the insulin eliminates the risk of inflammation and infection at the injection site, even if its holding through a thin layer of clothing. Treatment of skin with alcohol when insulin injections are required.

    • Bezigolny injector for insulin (sold in Russia, but has no great advantages over the syringe-pen)

    • dosing of insulin (insulin pump): portable and small device on his belt, which continuously delivers insulin short-acting subcutaneously injected through the catheter. Background (basal) of insulin similar to longer-acting insulin, and served during the meal boluses - short-acting drug. Dose of insulin (as in the background flow, and during the meal) is determined by the patient on the basis of the doctor's recommendations and the results of self-control (ie, pump does not regulate blood sugar automatically, on the basis of feedback). The pump is not removed at night, but can be switched off for a short time (up to 1-2 hours - on the shower, swimming, etc.).

The advantages of the pump before injection with a pen or a syringe - insulin in the lung at any number of carbohydrates taken even in small "bite" (the usual treatment of ICD is introduced, usually 2-4 times a day) and the ability to fine tune the speed of the background flow insulin at different times of day (important when the phenomenon of "dawn"). Disadvantages - the need for a permanent location on the pump body (even during sleep) and the high cost of equipment and consumables. Insulin pump to fully disclose its advantages in well-trained patients are able to successfully manage their glucose levels with conventional insulin. In this case, the transition to pump therapy treatment leads to some improvement in the diabet (reduction of glycated hemoglobin HbA1c by an average of 1%).

Technology insulin

The correctness of insulin (both patients and medical staff) is very important, because if not properly introduce undesirable effect of insulin is attenuated or amplified, as is often unpredictable, ie, the strength of insulin action may not completely match the number of input units. If unexpectedly weak effect of insulin or "chaotic behavior" of glycemia during the day checking equipment injections - the first and necessary step in finding the causes of decompensation. This can be done with a special leaflet

The Benefits of Peas, Oats and Millet in the Diet for Diabetes

2011-04-25T00:23:00.000-07:00

Peas
Planting peas - herbaceous annual plant, a typical representative of the legume. Ever since the Stone Age pea was well known in Central Asia, India and Iran. In the wild-growing form of peas found in the Crimea.

Peas are rich in protein, consists of the essential amino acids for the human body. It has a lot of fat, high in carotene, vitamins B, C and PP. Useful organic materials and minerals such as potassium, choline, manganese, phosphorus, calcium and methionine are present in the composition of peas.

The level of protein, pea is comparable to beef, but the big drawback is its high level of carbohydrates. For patients with diabetes more useful green peas, which is rich in vitamins and contains fewer carbohydrates, young green beans - inexpensive and effective.

Peas - the perfect cure for patients suffering from metabolic disorders, stones in the gallbladder, and kidney disease. Broth from pea seeds has the strongest diuretic pea gruel with egg is used to treat eczema.

Oat
Sowing oats - an annual grass plant family, his homeland of Mongolia and China.
What is so helpful oats? There are a lot of starch, fat and protein. In addition, oats contain vitamins A, B and E, rich in amino acids and oxalic acid.

Our ancestors for acute gastric inflammation used oat flour, including and in the treatment of diabetes. Oats - an excellent lipotrop, it regulates the level of cholesterol is used in the treatment of diabetes complications, such as atherosclerosis and gastrointestinal disorders.

Millet
Annual herb of the family of grasses, is an ancient culture of Eurasia.

The richest source of protein, its concentration in millet to 15%. In addition, fats - 1,5% starch and 85%. Millet grain in terms of protein second only to the buckwheat is rich in copper, manganese and nickel.

Millet is useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and liver disorders. As a means of lowering blood sugar, millet, used in the treatment of diabetes.

What Have You for Breakfast - A Fellow Diabetic?

2011-04-18T18:11:00.000-07:00

That pushed his way eyes and what he wants? Correctly, the first in the toilet, and then to the kitchen (or vice versa). There is beloved holiday, which hides a lot of tasty and good food.

And even if you, Comrade diabetic, do not like breakfast, know - have to do it every day!
Breakfast Diabetic abundant as in the first half of the day, we must replenish energy reserves. Then, during the day, they-and we spend.

In the afternoon, you'll get a meal, try to give preference to vegetables and fruits. After the meal, avoid the usual getting your belly crackers, chips, crackers and other Labuda. This is probably not very useful, while the smaller product, the harder it is to control the amount eaten. And suddenly jump, then what?

Do not chew "by Telecom, as well as a special recommendation to workers on the head - let's separate the flies from cutlets. I mean during the meal yank the brains from the socket in order to cool down, and then the thinking activity even after the mountains had eaten can leave a nasty feeling of hunger!

What, then, have for breakfast? I am preparing myself toasted not sifted flour, cook savory meals, bran flakes prefer.

In moderate amounts like brown rice, pasta, potatoes. I prefer berries and fruits, cookies and whole grain crackers.

You know, that does not understand why diabetes - a blue ring. In fact, our color - green. All green vegetables can be eaten with virtually no restrictions, yes!

Here at the time to cook vegetable salad, mushrooms with onion, turnip tired of (I personally can not stand her, simply can not cook).

On the table, maybe even high-calorie foods - poultry, fish, cheese, meat. But remember the rule, this should only eat one thing and a little bit!

No lard, fat or melted butter, heaven forbid! Postponing a cigarette and do not try to drink alcohol. Generally, the alcohol in the morning - a sign of degeneration of individual) Be aware diabetic, all alcohol terribly caloric (1 yr - 7 kcal), and in your case, my calories should be considered wisely.

Drink regularly mineral better without gas. The result will be feeling better in 2-3 months is such a mineral therapy.

And yet - to regulate blood sugar levels can be cinnamon, this should be added to the meal ½ tsp this pleasant spice.

And even if you're a religious man - no fasting, the church can break the fast for diabetic patients.

Take the permission of her confessor, and fast. In an extreme case, if you want strong, talk with your doctor in private, according to individual technique, he may let you starve. But the no-no!

Now, fellow diabetic, like it is understandable that you can eat for breakfast.

The Benefits of Root Crops in Diabetes Mellitus

2011-04-17T19:14:00.000-07:00

Turnip

Turnips or turnip belongs to the biennial herbaceous plants of the cabbage family (or Cruciferae). Homeland turnips consider the Mediterranean.

Turnips contain all the necessary vitamins and minerals (calcium, potassium, phosphorus and iron, magnesium), is particularly rich in vitamins rap group B, C and PP, with enough pantothenic acid, proteins, carbohydrates and carotene. In turnips many essential oils, and seeds to 45% fat. Reputation is an excellent source of ascorbic acid, her inferior citrus fruits, cabbage, radishes and tomatoes, and strawberries. Beets and onions contain 6 times less vitamin C, and carrots and cucumbers - 12 times.

For patients with diabetes turnip perfect tonic remedy, doctors recommend it especially in winter. However, it should control the amount eaten, because this root vegetable contains a lot of sugar, and from the swedes in general is to abstain. Be sure to enter the turnips in the diet in diabetes.

Sowing carrots

Carrots - representative of the family celery (umbrella) and came to our garden from the Mediterranean. Carrots are very old culture, its history goes back to 4 thousand years.

This is a root - the richest source of mineral elements in carrots rich in vitamin C, B, D, E, H and K, contains vitamins PP.

Carrots - is primarily folic acid kalbya, iron, copper and cobalt. It is rich in iodine, boron, and is considered the queen of dietary table. For patients with diabetes is very important that contained-carotene in carrots liver converts into a useful vitamin A, which promotes metabolism, improves physical condition and normalize brain activity. Carrots have the exclusive immunomodulatory effect and improves vision. Norma carrots a day - was 18-20

But do not forget that the carrot contains 10-15% sugar, and if you are a diabetic, control the consumption of this root crop. This does not mean that it is necessary to completely abandon carrots. If you have diabetes in addition to diseases such as gout or arthritis, limited use of carrots has a positive effect on health.

Radish

Radish or radish belongs to the plants of the cabbage family (crucifers), radish - a herbaceous biennial, which came from China.

Radish is rich in essential oils, contains many proteins and minerals. As part of radishes are vitamins B, C and PP. Radish used in the diet of diabetics, as well as for prevention and control of atherosclerosis. She struggles with edema and suitable for the prevention of kidney disease.

Not recommended to use radishes to eat with an ulcer and severe cardiovascular ailments.

Radishes and turnips are very similar, radish contains the same useful items as a radish, but the special value of radish that he precocious vegetable indispensable in the daily diet.

Diet for Diabetes - The Onion Plant

2011-04-15T00:14:00.000-07:00

Garlic and onions - the most popular onion rings, which are present on my desk at any time of year. Let's look at why it is so useful onion and whether their use to patients with diabetes mellitus.

Onions.
It belongs to the perennial, originally from Central Asia, onions can rightly be called an old vegetable crops, as is known from 4th century BC

Bow - a source of vitamins, it includes ascorbic acid, vitamin B and PP, mineral salts of potassium, iron and phosphorus, contains essential oils and volatile. Bow has a peculiar smell, and often brings tears to my eyes, there are a lot of iodine, so the onions will be very useful for patients with thyroid diseases.

As part of onions can be identified citric and malic acids, they make it useful in the treatment of obesity. Thanks to the vitamins, onions able to fight off colds, especially in winter or spring, simply can not do without onions at lunch or dinner.

Mineral salts in the bow normalizes water-salt balance. Sulfur compounds that make up the bow form of the amino acid cysteine. It is through cysteine blood sugar level drops. And in the pommel contains a sufficient amount of chromium, which positively affects the sensitivity of cells to insulin. Thanks to the chrome sugar is absorbed by an order easier. "The Onion" chrome lowers fat (triglycerides) and cholesterol, low density.

Eat onions on health, be sure sugar is the norm!

Garlic.
This professor of medicine, garlic has a unique chemical composition: essential oils, vitamins B, C, D, PP, garlic is rich in iodine, phosphorus and calcium. Sulfur-containing elements in the composition of garlic make it an excellent tool for Microbicides

Garlic cure chronic manifestations of amoebic dysentery, enteritis, hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Why garlic is good for diabetes? It contains two important elements - allaksin and vanadium. With these elements, as well as anti-inflammatory properties of garlic, stimulate the endocrine system of humans.

Buckwheat, Barley, Soybeans, and Beans in The Diet of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2011-04-11T19:00:00.000-07:00

Buckwheat
An annual grass, buckwheat belongs to the family. Favorite buckwheat came to our tables from central Asia. Buckwheat is rich in protein (10-16%), starch (80%), fat and fiber.

In buckwheat many minerals, calcium, phosphorus and copper. A lot of zinc, boron, cobalt and nickel. Buckwheat contains vitamins B, P and PP. Aboveground part of buckwheat in bloom contains useful flavonoids and anthocyanins.

Lysine, tryptophan and other amino acids, which are contained in buckwheat, are assimilated at the level of legumes, and buckwheat are not nutritionally inferior to animal products. Fat oxidation resistance of buckwheat, buckwheat can be stored for a long time, and the composition of nutrients will not change.

Buckwheat is useful in stomach diseases, anemia and disorders of the nervous system.

Buckwheat fiber has a low glycemic index. Canadian doctors say that fiber buckwheat lowers blood glucose by 20%. The active ingredients in the composition of buckwheat make tissues more sensitive to insulin, and normalize the mechanism of metabolism and compensate for diabetes.

NP LLC Zhitomirbioprodukt produces buckwheat with insulin, which is useful in the diet of diabetic patients.

Barley
Barley is a typical representative of an ordinary family of cereals, relates to annual herb. Wild species of barley are often found in Central Asia and the Caucasus.

Products made from barley are rich in starch and protein, barley contains sufficient mineral elements, enzymes, vitamins, carbohydrates and fats.

Barley is useful in the treatment of diabetes complications such as stomach ulcers, edema, vascular disease and mineral imbalance in the body. In medicine, there are cases of treatment of barley tumors.

Soybean
Another representative of the legume on the table with diabetes, soy relates to annual herb. Homeland of soya, rightly, consider India and China.

Soy is a protein-oil crops. In its high protein content (45%), oil up 25%. For comparison, soy protein contains more than eggs, and the composition of fat in general takes the first place.

Soy proteins contain virtually all the useful and essential amino acids from its seeds get high quality oil. Rich in soy and minerals such as potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and phosphorus. Vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K and glycosides, and other useful substances found in soybeans.

In diabetes soybean is especially valuable, because soy flour contains less carbohydrate than in other legumes, and the value of an order of magnitude higher than in the same beans. Soybeans treated with radiation sickness and disease of the central nervous system.

Beans
In the legume family is a very worthy representative - beans. Annual, herb, fruit beans contain a wide range of substances for nutrition. Bean proteins are close to the fish and of 70-75% absorbed by human body.
In beans, many free amino acids, including and irreplaceable. In beans contain carbohydrates, vitamins and folic acid, sitosterol, etc. It is full of zinc, potassium salts, which allows the beans to remove from the body fluid and used as a means of unloading the body. Beans good immunomodulator, has enhances phagocytosis.

Since ancient times, folk medicine uses beans for healing wounds, including and in patients with diabetes mellitus. Broths from bean partitions are used to control blood glucose.

Limit the Fats or Carbohydrates? Americans Have Chosen the Best Anti-Obesity Diet!

2011-03-31T17:41:00.000-07:00

You are a woman who suffers from obesity and insulin resistance? Doctors say that in your case, low-carbohydrate diet is much better diet with limited fat intake.

American pundits once again excelled. At this time, have written themselves into history at the University of Nevada. For one of the companies for the production of dietary products, studies were carried out to establish which of the diets is less effective in obesity.

Contrary to popular belief, lost a diet restricted in fat.

At 12 weeks, Americans' morili "dietetic food group obese women aged 18 to 45 years. Representatives of the fair half of mankind randomly divided into 2 groups, ordering to eat in one of the above diets. At the same caloric intake was the same for each group.

Composition of diet (calories).

low-fat diet: carbohydrates - 60%, whites - 20% fat - 20%.

low-carbohydrate diet: carbohydrates - 45%, whites - 20% unsaturated fat - 35% (mainly walnuts).

Each group consumed a daily basis for 2 servings of fruit and 3 servings of vegetables.

By the end of experiments, women who hold low-carb diet lost an average of 8.9 kg, whereas the restriction of fat allowed to lose up to 7.4 kg of "at her sister."

And let the diet with limited fat often recommended for patients who are overweight, but in the short term (according to those same American Scientists), low-carbohydrate diet is more effective in combating insulin resistance.

It is known that insulin resistance seen in elderly people suffering from obesity. This painful situation can result in undesirable accumulation of sugar in the blood, an overabundance of carbohydrates prevents normal metabolism, which in turn can lead not only to obesity but also to the development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus type.

Scientists strongly recommend that all doctors and patients suffering from obesity varying degrees of severity, to start treatment is a low-carb diet.

And what are we? Always obey the doctors and do as we say, right?

The Principle of Plates or Foundation of Proper Nutrition in Diabetes

2011-03-29T23:25:00.000-07:00

What are you thinking when they learned about the disease? Of course, like everyone, was anger and tears, denial, depression and hysteria. But then had to accept ...

And when you are fully aware of what was next thought? That's right, what to do next? After all, now you need to change their habits for the sake of one - to live.

Radical change of power was for me the main problem. Very long body could not accept it, but I still had deceived him. Want to know how? Then read on.

Wash your hands. Now sit down. Set ourselves a plate and glass, next put devices.

Try to mentally divide the plate in half. One half of the divide in half again - we've created three zones, which are filling our food.

Half of the dishes - vegetable area (foods low in starch):

    spinach, carrots, lettuce, greens, kale
    green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, tomatoes,
    onions, cucumbers, beets
    mushrooms, peppers, turnips

First quarter of the dish - carbohydrate Zone (foods containing starch):

    whole grain breads
    cereals with high fiber content
    cereal (oatmeal, cream of wheat and other cereals)
    rice, pasta, tortillas
    cooked beans and peas
    potatoes, green peas, corn, pumpkins
    Crisps and snacks (snacks), fat-free popcorn

Second quarter of the dish - protein band (meat products):

    chicken or turkey without the "skins"
    fish (tuna, salmon, cod)
    seafood (shrimp, mussels, oysters, crabs)
    lean beef and pork (filet or sirloin)
    tofu, low-fat cheeses, eggs

Do not forget to pour a glass of skim milk or yogurt, dairy products for the diet in diabetes - what we need!

On the day you can eat one type of fruit or small fruit salad - fresh or canned form, permitted and thawed fruit, fruit juices and syrups.

Yes, I forgot. At the breakfast plate will look slightly different. Do not take too much, "old tub", I prefer smaller portions.

Half fill the dish starchy foods, and the remaining two quarters divide between fruit and meat. Day should start aggressively!

That is so easy on the eye without a calculator you can control your diet. I think all of this and already knew, but the repetition is always useful.

What to Feed a Child in School? Healthy Food for Kids with Diabetes

2011-03-28T17:28:00.000-07:00

After all, it is they have driven the level of childhood obesity to unimaginable proportions. Baton, of course, took Europe and then we do. The influence of American consumer culture can be compared with the epidemic.

And when your child asks for pocket money for breakfast, a large flying the break in McDonald's, have to think what would happen next?

What will happen to my baby, if we do not take radical measures?

And if a child has diabetes, and looking at their peers, simply can not resist the temptation to eat junk food. What should I do? Well, then, the Americans, all of which are welded shut, and let it clear up the mess.

Of course, you slapped your child a lot of healthy food instead of money for lunch. That's only if he would eat that? Where is the guarantee that "the right lunch" will not fly in the trash?

You do not want your son or daughter go hungry? When his health is something can be deadly! Only one thing - to cook delicious baby food!

In such a situation, of course, better to ask the kid what exactly he wants. If you ask for food, which is detrimental in diabetes, say no, but explain intelligibly why and try to find a compromise.

In the meantime, suggest several solutions to this problem. This, you know, the American approach:

Peanut butter and banana bread - definitely an exotic recipe. Banana bread you will find in the kitchen (or cook for yourself, write a prescription), and peanut butter are sold in Russian supermarkets. By the way, American children from him just can and our will? Children's dinner supplement bottle of one percent milk.

Vegetables and hummus. Living in terms of health idea. If your child is restless and fidget, then cook him a plastic container of hummus and feta cheese, cut into pieces. It would be nice to put wholegrain bun, chopped cucumbers, tomatoes or peppers. Give vegetables original form - the children is necessarily eaten.

Cheese quesadilla. Microwave oven - is a popular assembly, and not only at home but even at work and at school. Cut a slice of whole wheat bun, put on her two slices of boiled chicken and a couple slices of cheese quesadilla. Explain to your daze, you can have true, but better to let warm up for 20 seconds. And that was not too dry - fill with sauce.

Pita sandwich on a bun. Many know that the original roll. Cut it in half, put in the middle of tomatoes, mozzarella and basil, you can add a little sauce. If possible heating in a microwave oven.

Sandwich with turkey. Gradually, the fashion is whole grain ciabatta bread from Turkey. Its still hard, but you can find on the shelves of major supermarkets. This bread will be a key ingredient for a tasty sandwich child. Give the correct form of bread slices, cut a piece of brie cheese (or any other low-fat cheese), put a slice of turkey and a spoonful of pesto (this is better than mayonnaise).

Vegetable rolls. If you are supporter of vegetarianism, and the child entirely agree with this way of life, then this recipe will do. On the cake from whole-grain cereal (you can lavash), Put a little cream cheese, sprinkle with grated carrot, spinach and other greens and roll up into a tube (you can add the tomatoes and basil). Pipe cut in small rolls, the child is to like.

Yes, if you have any idea what to feed your baby, patients with DM-1, be sure to share the information in the comments. I would be grateful.

P.S. Taking care of our children with you, I unfortunately forgot about the breakfast, which treacherously burned on the stove. Well, have to start all over again:)

P.P.S. I was recently asked about children's plastic surgery (a very difficult situation with the baby of one of the blog readers). Was needed urgent assistance both in word and deed. So I suggested the site where everything is accessible and clearly explained by qualified professionals. Remember, plastic surgery prices has not, precious time! In the case of similar problems do not waste it in vain!

7 Secrets to Control Carbs in Baked Goods

2011-03-24T18:14:00.000-07:00

Perhaps everyone loves pies, pastries, cakes. But as you already know, diabetes, and pastries - this is not entirely compatible concepts. And what to do?

You can, of course, totally reject them. But this is not the solution, because the body can not psychologically prepared for such a strike. And stress is not needed.

On the pages of the blog, I always recommend low-carbohydrate diet, and my recipes usually contain a mild amount of carbohydrates.

But there are some tricks that will inveterate "baker" to cook without fear of undermining the health.

Secrets of the control of carbohydrates during cooking baking

The amount of sugar. You know, if only at ¼ to reduce the amount of sugar in the dish - you hardly notice the difference. Prescription needed to sprinkle the cake with glaze or sprinkle with powdered sugar - do not! Replace sugar with cinnamon powder, and if it is strongly want sweet, then just make a sugar layer is thinner.
Sugar substitutes. Very popular xylitol, sorbitol, is catching on stevia and agave nectar. In America, the agave - the way a substitute for sugar because of its wonderfully low glycemic index. Keep in mind, and especially cooking with sugar substitutes at high temperatures sweetness teryaets so empirically necessary, adjust the recipe amount.

Applesauce. Replace the butter unsweetened applesauce. Of course, not all oil is harmful, and, for example, rapeseed oil takes care of the heart, but remember, any oil increases the fat content of cakes, but this is not good!

Nuts, and sprouted wheat. These products contain healthy fats and adequate protein. Protein in diabetes mellitus is one of the major components, namely, he balances the patient's nutrition. Margarine and butter. Try not to use these products during baking as an option you can think of to replace them or reduce to a minimum. The oil high in cholesterol and trans fats, such unhealthy for diabetics.

Soy milk. Yes, I understand that soy milk is hard to find, and the price is frankly bites. However, if your desires and capabilities are the same, try to use soy milk. And as for the usual "mad cow" I will say the same thing as pro margarine - solid palm oil and trans fats, a cow here does not smell! Chocolate. Of course, there are departments in supermarkets, selling a special chocolate for diabetics, but the taste and quality of these products leave much to be desired. It is very rare to find a good chocolate, so I advise you the following - do not buy chocolates with fillings, no bars, discard milk chocolate in favor of black.

Experiment, do not necessarily look for specific recipes, you can take an old grandma's apple pie and "odiabetit" him. Reduce the amount of harmful ingredients, or replace them with more useful. Do not be afraid, you must do it.

If you love baking, then we need a little limited. Remember, people - this creature, which, fortunately, very quickly gets used to everything.

Since that time, patience and desire to live will help to know the true taste of the new favorite cake. Enjoy your meal!

10 Exotic Foods Recommended for Diabetes

2011-03-23T02:35:00.000-07:00

How to achieve normal blood sugar levels? This I have repeatedly said and will say in the pages of the blog.

Today here wanted something unusual - I bring to your attention the plants in India and China, which will help keep diabetes in tight rein.

10 exotic foods recommended for diabetes

Bitter gourd. Birthplace of this beauty think India. Doctors recommend taking the juice of bitter gourd twice a day, and yet it is very useful in a boiled form. If you do not like the taste of pumpkin, it can be dried, pereteret, and the resulting powder is taken as a dietary supplement like sugar lowering agent.

Cinnamon. A very popular spice, personally I associate it with warm mulled wine on a cold winter. Cinnamon beneficial effect on metabolism, prevent insulin resistance. Spice incorporates trace elements, which unofficially referred to as "synthetic insulin.

Fenugreek (Fenugreek). Indian medicinal marijuana, 3 grams per day which will allow patients with DM-2 to control anxiety symptoms. Fenugreek can be purchased in large markets, supermarkets, specialty stores spices.

Grapefruit. Not much I love this citrus, but you should know that the juice of one grapefruit substitute 30 minutes of intense walking. And yet it is rich in vitamin C, helps lose excess weight. Patients with high acidity before the "Grapefruit Diet" is best to consult a doctor.

Amla (Amalaka). Fans of Ayurvedic medicine amlu know as Indian Gooseberry. In India it is considered a sacred tree. Like grapefruit, Amla is rich in vitamin C. Mix the juice of bitter gourd and amly - this drink will help in the fight against glucose spikes that cause the development of serious complications of diabetes.

Dzhimnema Sylvester. Popular in India and China, according to experts, 4 grams a day will dzhimnemy diabetic severely limit or completely give up sugar-lowering drugs. Dzhimnema restores the ability to produce insulin, lowers the level of "harmful" cholesterol, dulls hunger, normalize the bowels. For the diet in diabetes - the best remedy!

Fruits Jamuna. These Indian berries are used for desserts and other goodies. For patients with diabetes is recommended to mix in equal proportions of dried Jamuna with honey - a great tool for the prevention of complications.

Garlic. In the raw garlic lowers excellent blood sugar, is a good anti-virus tool, and unlike previous products, sold in any greengrocer.

Tree leaves him. Miraculous cure of oral diseases, intestinal vascular system. It stops the bleeding, fights dandruff, but most importantly - dulls hunger, cleanses the blood and is highly recommended in the treatment of diabetes.

Vinegar. Positive effect on blood glucose and glucose formation of adhesions after a meal. In small quantities, before eating vinegar minimizes the appearance of "sugar peaks.

Consult with a nutritionist, before the introduction of these products in the meal plan for diabetes.

I know from experience, to find some of it will be difficult, but possible. If the effort does not succeed, try to find special food supplements containing these products.

Now they're just there to sell. As always, I welcome your feedback in the comments.

Medications of Gestational Diabetes

2011-03-17T22:14:00.000-07:00

Most women can treat your gestational diabetes by changing your diet and starting a more frequent exercise. If these changes can not keep your blood sugar at safe levels, you may need insulin. You will also need to introduce myself insulin if your doctor thinks the baby is too big.

What To Think About

Insulin - this is the only medication allowed by the Office for the Control Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for gestational diabetes. Insulin is used only if you can not control your blood sugar level, observing the correct diet and engaging in regular physical exercise.

The amount of insulin depends on how much you weigh and how close you are to the date of expected birth. Some women need more insulin when approaching date of birth because the placenta begins to produce more and more hormones, which complicate the work of insulin. In rare cases, a woman with gestational diabetes should remain in hospital for a short time in order to bring her blood sugar to safe levels.

There are pills, called glyburide, and is used to treat type 2 diabetes, but some doctors are using them for the treatment of gestational diabetes. Currently there is no available information that would prove the safety and efficacy of glyburide, the American Diabetes Association continues to recommend that only insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes - Other Treatment

All pregnant women should take prenatal vitamins. If you wish to receive other types of insulin, discuss this with your doctor. Do not take a single vitamin in larger quantities than is contained in the approved prenatal vitamins.

Gestational Diabetes - Treatment at Home

2011-03-16T19:15:00.000-07:00

Healthy during pregnancy depends mainly on you. Gestational diabetes, like other forms of diabetes can not be successfully treated only with drugs.

Your doctor, an educator on diabetes mellitus, a certified nutritionist and other specialists can help you learn how to take care of yourself and protect your child from possible problems. If you read all the available information on gestational diabetes, you'll know that it is necessary for a healthy pregnancy. When you understand how food and exercise affect blood sugar levels in your blood, you can better control it and help in the prevention of problems due to gestational diabetes.

Home treatment for gestational diabetes includes changing their eating habits, regular exercise and controlling blood sugar levels.

Nutrition healthy foods

Change what, when and how much you eat can help you maintain your blood sugar at safe levels. Once you learn that you have gestational diabetes, you can visit a certified nutritionist in order to develop together with an individual plan for healthy eating. You may also be asked to write down everything you eat, and watch their weight. The nutritionist also teach you how to count carbs, so you can distribute them throughout the day. For more information, see:

Gestational diabetes: Counting carbs.

Regular exercise

Most doctors recommend that pregnant women exercise at least 3 times a week for at least 20 minutes. Regular moderate exercise helps your body better use insulin and control your blood sugar level. Often, exercise and proper nutrition may be the treatment of gestational diabetes.

If you've never exercised regularly or were not engaged in them prior to pregnancy, consult with your doctor before you begin to implement them. Exercises that do not provide a large load on the lower part of your body, such as using ergometer - a device that develops the muscles of your hands or a bicycle with a seat, as rejected as chair, is particularly well suited for pregnant women. You may also want to attend special classes for pregnant women or engage in other activities that do not give a big load on the body, such as swimming, hiking.

If exercise and diet changes can keep your blood sugar levels within safe limits, you will not need to take insulin. If you still need to inject insulin, do not forget to bring food to class of carbohydrate in case you have symptoms of low blood sugar. If you believe that your blood sugar is low, stop the exercise, check your blood sugar and eat something.

Measuring your blood sugar level

An important part of treating gestational diabetes is to control blood sugar levels at home. You must every day at home to check their blood sugar up to 4 times a day (the first time before breakfast and 1 hour after each meal). If you bring yourself insulin, you'll need to check your blood sugar up to 6 times a day (before each meal and 1 hour after each of them). Despite the fact that you can shake the need to measure your blood sugar so often, knowing that your blood sugar level is at a safe level, you will be able to reconcile with the idea. For more information see:

Gestational diabetes: measure your blood sugar level.

Other aspects of your treatment

    * If changes in diet and physical activity regime can not control your blood sugar level, you may need daily insulin injections.
    * If you have prior to pregnancy was overweight, do not try to reduce it during pregnancy. Ask your doctor how many pounds you need to recruit for the entire period of pregnancy.
    * Your doctor may ask you to track the movement of the fetus and inform him or her if your baby will move less than usual. Most women can feel the movement of the child after 18th week of pregnancy. If you are a long time do not feel the movements of the Child, lie on your left side and soak for 30 minutes or so longer. If you do not feel movement within 2 hours, call your doctor.
    * If you take insulin, it can lead to a drop in blood sugar levels below the safe level. Although very low blood sugar is uncommon in women with gestational diabetes need to know its symptoms, always carry food containing carbohydrate.

Gestational Diabetes - Causes and Symptoms

2011-03-15T20:36:00.000-07:00

During pregnancy, the uterus develops organ called the placenta. The placenta connects the mother and child and the child provides enough nutrients and fluids. It also secretes several hormones, some of whom work of insulin - control blood sugar levels - so the mother must produce more insulin to keep blood sugar at safe levels. Gestational diabetes develops when the organ that produces insulin, the pancreas can not secrete enough insulin to keep blood sugar at safe levels.

Gestational diabetes - Symptoms

Because gestational diabetes does not cause symptoms, you should be screened for the presence of this condition. Usually it is held between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy. You may be surprised if your test shows elevated levels of blood sugar. You must pass this examination, because high blood sugar during gestational diabetes can cause problems for both you and your child.

Sometimes it turns out that a pregnant woman who has symptoms, was living with another type of diabetes without knowing it. If you have any other symptoms of diabetes, they may include:

    * Thirst.
    * Frequent urination.
    * Increased hunger.
    * Blurred vision.

Pregnancy itself causes women to urinate more often and feel more hungry, so the presence of such symptoms does not always mean a woman has diabetes. Talk to your doctor if you have these symptoms, so he spent you test to detect diabetes.

Little Secrets of a Great Diet for Diabetes

2011-03-14T19:33:00.000-07:00

The most popular myth among the patients - diabetes can eat only special foods. This is partly true, and eating whole grains, light salads and vegetables, and refined carbohydrates are much more useful than the large and greasy bacon. And anyway, no matter whether you have diabetes or not, it is advisable to eat properly and in moderation.

But this does not mean that you should eat only greens and low fat yogurt. If the show imagination, the usual classic dishes you can always turn to the diet.

   1. Serving size. First, replace the large plate small. Secondly, try to impose less. For example, if you cook an apple pie, it's better to cut it into 8 pieces, instead of the usual 6. Willpower defeat hunger with time, but now will have a little patience.
   2. A simple meals. Brown rice instead of white, cocoa powder instead of chocolate, and skim milk - so it will not only tasty but also useful. Try to make salads with light sauce, reduce or even discard the fat mayonnaise and sour cream. A great alternative to salad dressing can be unsweetened Greek yogurt. And less salt, it is better to replace a combination of oriental spices and salt with low sodium content.
   3. Lean meat. Get used to the dietary meat, low in fat and bad cholesterol. For example, ground pork is better to replace the beef, and fatty sausages on dishes that do not contain meat. Some culinary connoisseurs claim that the marinated tofu in a hundred times tastier than chicken, with an order contains less fat.
   4. Smart Fats. Of course, completely abandoning the fat, you lose depth of flavor. Therefore, preparing favorite sandwich instead of a thick layer of mayonnaise is better to put a slice of avocado or a piece of Parmesan cheese. Avocado enough calorie product, but the fats, contained therein, monounsaturated, and hence easier to be absorbed, in addition to avocados rich in vitamins. Prefer hard cheeses, limit or completely give up soft.
   5. Butter. Hundreds of dishes such tasty and loved ones, contain a most butter. But there is one little trick that will not spoil the taste, while reducing costs. Simply replace the principal amount of butter, vegetable, such as sunflower, olive, or buckwheat. Shortly before the meal ready, add a small piece of butter - a welcome scent is present and use a lot more.
   6. Thinking outside the box. Want a new taste? Then try to work something out on the run. For example, do odd-shaped pancakes, chicken, bake on the bottle, not fry in deep fat!
   7. Practice - the key to success. Experiment with new foods the first time can not be obtained even from real professionals. Over time, you adapt. Find their own unique recipes.

Happy New Year! I wish you happiness, healthy living and inexhaustible culinary talents!

Which Products are Shown in Diabetes?

2011-03-10T21:28:00.000-08:00

In diabetes mellitus should be excluded from the diet of fried fatty foods, refined sugar, semi-finished - all that contains carbohydrates in large quantities. The main source of energy in the body are just carbohydrates, which, falling into the stomach with food, are converted into glucose. By controlling the flow of carbohydrates from food, you control your blood sugar levels, and that is exactly what you need in diabetes. Carefully read the information specified on the labels of foods that you want to buy. Sometimes they write about the small amount of sugar, forgetting to specify a high carbohydrate content.

Increase consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables by 60% and think about switching to raw food. The most useful would be a diet in which there is a natural vegetable ingredients and no animal products. Adding to your daily diet of unrefined foods, you lower your blood sugar level, which is markedly improve health and overall health.

Here's some food for the diet in diabetes, in which the carbohydrate content is low: barley, oatmeal, beans, brown rice, strawberries, apples, peaches, carrots, lentils, bananas, dairy products, salmon, tuna, berries, figs, herbs, flaxseed, walnut gretsky. The use of these products is the content of such importance to the health of substances like vitamin D, dietary fiber, calcium, omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. Replace these products, fatty meat and poultry.

Now we talk more about the most useful and affordable food for diabetics.

   1. Dairy products. They contain a large amount of useful proteins (especially in low-fat cottage cheese), calcium and vitamin D.
   2. Beans. This legume contains fiber, which lowers cholesterol, which stabilizes blood sugar. In addition, the bean has in its composition does not contain proteins and fats, which cause diseases of the cardiovascular system and atherosclerosis.
   3. Barley. A very useful herb that is rich in beta-glucan (soluble fiber). Eating barley prevents the absorption of harmful fats, thus reducing their number in the body.
   4. Oatmeal. It improves insulin resistance and lowers cholesterol levels. The presence of cereal fiber slows absorption of carbohydrates, preventing an abrupt change in the content of insulin.
   5. Dates. Contain antioxidants and fiber.
   6. Greens. Parsley, dill, chives contain huge amounts of calcium, folic acid (vitamin B9), which reduces the level of amino acid (homocysteine), preventing vascular sclerosis.

The Truth About Salt in Diabetes Mellitus

2011-03-08T21:54:00.000-08:00

Most of the recipes that I post on the blog contains information about the number of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and other cellular components. Apart from the basic triple, and I expect the content of sodium salts. Many readers do not understand why we need this data. Today I work through this issue.

Sodium chloride, sodium or salt, in conversation, we often speak simply salt, is a crystalline compound, without which the taste of a favorite dish was definitely not perfect.

People on average consume between 6 and 18 grams of salt (1-3 teaspoons) per day. However, people suffering from diabetes, it is recommended to limit the daily amount of salt.

As I wrote recently, sodium chloride retains water in the body, and therefore contributes to obesity. In addition to obesity, uncontrolled amount of salt consumed in the diet can lead to serious complications such as hypertension and stroke.

Units:

1000 mg = 1 gram of salt

1 teaspoon = 5.5 grams of salt

In diabetes, doctors recommend limiting salt intake to 2400 mg. I.e translating into plain language, the maximum daily intake of salt - a little less than half a teaspoon.

Do not forget that salt is not only a salt shaker in the kitchen, she is also an integral component of virtually all food products. Explore the label of the goods purchased. In addition to the usual proteins, fats and carbohydrates, pay attention to the contents of sodium (symbol Na, or sodium).

Foods high in sodium chloride:

   1. Meat. Bacon, ham, corned beef, smoked sausage, canned meat.
   2. Fish. Canned tuna, salmon, sardines, canned seafood, salted and dried fish.
   3. Canned. Vegetables, tomato juice, soups.
   4. Intermediates. Porridge with meat, macaroni and cheese, fast food.
   5. Snacks (snacks). Crackers, crisps, crunches, crunches, donuts, pastries, etc.
   6. Other products. Olives, pickles, salad dressings and sauces, and cheeses.

There are so-called salt substitutes. For example, in virtually any pharmacy selling "prevention" or "universal" salt. It differs from a cookbook that contains 30% less sodium. It is rich in potassium and magnesium salts, whose properties are totally opposed to sodium.

The Benefits of Prunes in Diabetes Mellitus

2011-03-07T23:58:00.000-08:00

We are suspicious of the dried fruits. And all because the main preservative in them, is usually harmful sugar. Therefore, prune a mistake not to buy, so as not to damage the precious health.

However, prunes, in addition to its well-known laxative effect, is safe for diabetes, and an excellent variety to the diet of patients.

This fruit has become popular even in Roman times, has excellent taste, is used to prevent and treat many diseases.

Excellent temper the immune system, has an antibacterial effect, normalizes the stomach and intestines.

Prunes nekaloriyny product. In 40 g of fruit contains only 100 calories, 26 grams carbohydrates, 3 g fiber. It is low in fat, negligible cholesterol, and sodium. I prune a low glycemic index, which means you can safely use it for food with the minimum probability of provoking a jump of sugar.

Antioxidants, which are contained in prunes, can help prevent complications and chronic diseases associated with diabetes.

Fruits plum - a wonderful snack, but eat it in food is recommended, taking into account an individual meal plan for diabetes.

Prunes stored for a long time (up to 6 months), sold in the market or in any supermarket in the department of dried fruits.

There are a lot of recipes on the basis of prunes. This product adds a pleasant sweetness to any salad, and perfectly complements the taste of oatmeal for breakfast. Recommended that you add prune puree in baked goods, it reduces fat and cholesterol.

In the near future, preparing a number of publications devoted to prunes and dishes based on it. Stay tuned.

Diabetes and Wound - Watch for Yourself Be Careful!

2011-03-04T20:58:00.000-08:00

When the body is contained normal levels of glucose - the wound is not a problem! Washed, processed, or seal the plaster bandage - a little baking, but essentially nothing.

But when you are diagnosed with diabetes - beware. According to statistics, 60% of nontraumatic amputations of limbs are connected with diabetes. A diabetic foot - the main cause of hospitalization with subsequent surgical intervention.

Why run wound up to such an extent? Everything is in our hands, and make an effort, you can avoid trouble.

Reasons for patients with diabetes is difficult to heal wounds

The disease reduces blood circulation - a key factor in healing and regeneration. When the process is slow, stagnating have difficulty healing and increases the likelihood of blood poisoning.

Elevated levels of glucose. Wednesday, rich in sugar, allows bacteria to multiply rapidly, and the risk of infection is growing rapidly.

Neuropathic complications. Manifested in nerve damage and reduced sensitivity in the extremities (most commonly in the legs). Low sensitivity reduces vigilance - and the wounds are almost invisible to the patient.

Dry skin. Diabetes dries the skin, then there are cracks, which are formed, and injuries.

Tips on how to avoid injuries

   1. Regular inspection body for the appearance of wounds and skin lesions. Pay special attention to hands and feet. It is likely there are wounds on the body of which you never knew existed.
   2. During bathing, use antibacterial agents in everyday life are irreplaceable wipes that kill germs.
   3. Moisturize skin. Use the special lotions to prevent dry skin. That way you can prevent the occurrence of cracks and wounds.
   4. Listen to the advice of doctors. It sounds intentionally, but nonetheless! Follow the diet and regime, regularly carry out blood sugar and insulin injections. Low blood glucose levels slow down the spread of infection.

Keep track of your legs and do not let the wounds. If damage is found in time, the likelihood of complete recovery and restoration of normal functioning of the limbs, are quite high.

Methods of treating wounds

Self-treatment. Thoroughly wash the wound, apply antibiotic on the cheesecloth and remove zagrazneniya. Treat the wound with a lotion to keep clean and avoid reinfection. Perebintuyte wound, but not too over-tighten the bandage - it may slow healing. Repeat the procedure every day, change the bandage until they are cured. If the swelling around the wound appeared, flushed and warmed the surface, there was an unpleasant smell - seek medical attention immediately.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The patient is placed in a special pressure chamber, where the wounds were washed with 100% oxygen. As a result, increases the rate of growth of new tissue and blood vessels.

Nutritional therapy. Some people with diabetes do not adhere to special diets, ignore useful vitamins and minerals - all of this slows down the healing process.

Therapeutic massage. Especially popular among patients with ulcerative manifestations and limb edema of varying severity.

Wound - not a cause for panic. Just be careful, watch your health. With the right approach, everything will be fine, because diabetes is not a sentence!

I Have Diabetes - But I Definitely Can Handle

2011-03-03T22:48:00.000-08:00

I suspect that today or yesterday, at least you know it ... Yes, you are sick with diabetes.

First, take a deep breath - this will allow for a moment to relax after a long road ahead.

Do not be surprised when this news VOLTAGE - is a normal reaction. And from him it is desirable to get rid. But it's not so easy.

Then manifested DENIAL. Yes, we do not want to believe that it happened to us. Why, why, but can not be!

Gradual realization leads to feelings of guilt. To whom, I ask? In the first place to himself, and, perhaps, to their families for whom we are responsible.

Then can come anger and disagreement with the situation. The body rebels, and it is simply to be endured. We all anger and all, because I do not want to admit their mistakes.

Many people fear death, begin to assume the "last" days of precious lives. For enlightened as diabetes - it's a great inconvenience that takes the familiar, sometimes even very rakish and reckless lifestyle.

But most importantly, do not ride, to ignore the disease. continue to live as if nothing had happened - an impermissible weakness!

What then remains, you ask? Try to smile, yeah! Now more than ever, you must learn to laugh!

Positive thoughts and attitudes positively affect the health if you are locked - the disease will prevail!

Humor helps to look at the situation from different sides, and optimism will give strength. And yet, doctors say, laughter lowers blood sugar levels, remember this!

Now that it is much easier to keep in mind at once - family and loved ones will support you and will never give up in difficult moments, I promise! And we let's get auto-training, well, quite a bit.

Focus on the positive, confident now accumulate such simple words. I have them, usually repeating several times a day. Stand in front of the mirror and say:

"I'll move to your dreams and desires"

"Diabetes - this is bad, BUT I can cope!"

"I'm not alone. Millions of people worldwide are living with the disease, there are thousands of experts, which I need help. If people live with diabetes, Why should not I try? "

"Stress, denial, anger, fear or depression - it is a typical reaction. I was able to keep the disease under control! I promise that, first of all to yourself! "

Diabetes - it's just a way of life. Start the change with psychological training, then everything will be much easier.

The Sun is Struggling with Diabetes or What is the Use of Vitamin D

2011-03-02T22:20:00.000-08:00

Foods containing vitamin D effectively treats diabetes, reduces the risk of developing hypertension and atherosclerosis, to minimize any adverse effects of medications for diabetes, reduces oxidative processes in the body, strengthens the immune system and controls carbohydrate metabolism.

It is known that the main function of vitamin D - to maintain normal levels of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D promotes absorption of calcium and helps build healthy and strong bones.

It is directly linked to diabetes of the second type, because reduces the deficit of insulin and its release into the body.

Bulgarian scientists have conducted studies and concluded that - biologically active supplement containing vitamin D contribute significantly to control glucose levels in patients during the winter.

In June 2010, a group of researchers from the Sinai Hospital (Baltimore), led by endocrinologist Dr. Esther Circle voiced the results of experiments have revealed the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the regulation of beta cells in the pancreas.

Over 5 years (from 2003 to 2008.) Doctors studied medical records of 124 people with diabetes, the second type. Depending on the vitamin A deficiency, the subjects were divided into 4 groups:

    * Normal levels (32 nanograms per deciliter)
    * Moderate deficit
    * Average deficit
    * Heavy

As a result, more than 90% of patients experienced some or vitamin D. Of these, 35% belonged to the severe group, over 38% - the average and about 17% had mild deficiency of vitamin D.

The average A1c was higher in patients with severe impairment, compared with normal levels of vitamin D. According to scientists, the concentration of vitamin D is associated with race. Patients with diabetes, blacks often suffer from lack of vitamin D, compared with Caucasoid inhabitants of the planet.

Propose a list of products that contain the precious vitamin D

   1. Eggs.
   2. Salmon.
   3. Sardines.
   4. Halibut.
   5. Som.
   6. Mackerel.
   7. Eel.
   8. Tuna.
   9. Cod liver oil.
10. Liver.
11. Mushrooms.

As you can see the fish - the dominant product, so take it a rule - fish dishes on the table no less than 3-4 times a week. I note that a sufficient amount of vitamin D found in milk, yoghurt, bread and margarine.

And vitamin D is rightly called the product of the sun. 10 minute stay under the warm rays gives the body vital dose.

Remember, if you are afraid of harmful UV rays, is a representative dark-skinned race, overweight, then try not to overdo it with the use of sunscreens. Vitamin D deficiency increases the likelihood of developing diabetes of the second type.

So my advice to you - all know the measure!

Medicines for diabetes

2011-03-02T22:07:00.000-08:00

Monitor blood glucose levels in diabetes without the use of diabetes medication is far from all patients. Dietary nutrition and healthy can not guarantee victory over the disease. Diabetes mellitus is not uncommon causes a lot of dangerous complications, lowers immunity and may even lead to death, therefore, timely, and most importantly, the correct treatment is very important!

Diabetes is of two types: Type 1 - insulin dependent, Type 2 - insulin. Pick up medications for diabetes according to these types.

Insulin-dependent diabetes requires continuous treatment to maintain the target level of glucose in the blood.

All medications for diabetes type 1 are the substituents of insulin. There are several types of drugs, depending on how quickly they are absorbed into the blood and how long are:

    * Short-acting insulin. Diabetes medication this type is rapidly absorbed into the blood and acts for several hours. An example is Actrapid: soaked for 20 minutes, there are about 3 hours.
    * Insulin intermediate steps. This drug is slowly absorbed into the blood. Example: Protafan - soaked for 2 hours, there are about 10 hours.
    * Long-acting insulin. This insulin is absorbed into the bloodstream for 14 hours, and operates about 36 hours.

To new therapies insulin-dependent diabetes include insulin pumps - are electronic devices that independently determine the level of glucose in the blood and enter the appropriate insulin injections.

When treating non-insulin dependent type used tableted medications for diabetes and insulin. The main groups of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes:

    * Stimulators of insulin secretion (tableted drugs). They are short (meglitinidy) and long action (sulfonylureas). For example: glimepiride (Oltar), glyburide (Manin 3,5).
    * The drugs do not affect insulin secretion. To these drugs for diabetes include such active ingredients: acarbose, metformin (Siofor 500), thiazolidinediones.

Acarbose - an enzyme that breaks down disaccharides in the intestine. Metformin (Siofor 500) belongs to the biguanide. Drugs on the basis of thiazolidinediones used in the treatment of mild to moderate hyperglycemia.

Any medications for diabetes should be taken on the advice of a doctor - an endocrinologist. Unfortunately, no single drug can not be called a cure, so other than medical treatment of diabetes, the patient should lead a healthy lifestyle, eat only diabetic foods and exercise.

Transferred to Whether Diabetes from Parents to Children

2011-02-27T16:54:00.000-08:00

From parent to child with diabetes is not transmitted as a disease but as a predisposition to it. A child whose parents suffer from diabetes type I, is less likely to suffer than the one whose parents suffer from type II diabetes. Risk of developing type I diabetes increases a child both of whose parents are ill, the probability of this is from 15 to 20%. The probability that a child too ill with diabetes mellitus type 1, if the disease affected only one parent is not more than 5%.

Doctors recommend a good think before you have a child in a family where both men and women suffer from diabetes type I, as one of four children of this couple always get sick. If a couple decides on such a risky step, we must try to prevent this disease in the baby.

There are currently no reliable methods for the prevention of diabetes. The only thing to do - is to closely monitor the blood sugar level of the child. Than ever before will be identified first symptoms of the disease, the easier it will warn him. Waiver of sweets and carbohydrates in the diet restriction baby will not be able to prevent the emergence of diabetes.

From birth, the pediatrician should monitor those children whose both parents are sick with diabetes mellitus type-I. It should take a blood sugar once a year.

In cases where parents are sick with diabetes mellitus type II, the probability of ill during the life of a kid much longer, it is up to 80%. Very often, in families with patients with diabetes mellitus type II, the disease is transmitted to all blood relatives who have reached 50 years.

In addition to genetic predisposition, there are other factors that may lead to diabetes. One of the most dangerous factor is overweight. If you maintain a normal weight child at an early age, the probability of ill greatly reduced, even if one parent suffers from diabetes. Do not overfeed a child, watching his diet: eliminate all semi-finished products, white bread and fatty fried foods. Let's take a baby fruit and vegetables, preferably not treated thermally. You must set an example and develop a child's habit to eat right from childhood. In addition to healthy eating do not forget about physical activity. Give the child to engage in sports studio, or at least visit with him a gym as physical exercise - it is a good preventive maintenance not only of diabetes.

News in Diabetes Care - A Compact Pancreas

2011-02-27T16:49:00.000-08:00

According to experts of diabetes is not just a disease, and this subculture that unites people around the world. According to official reports by WHO of diabetic patients of the second type only in Russia amounts to 2.5 million people, but many experts say this figure is underestimated by 2-3 times.

Against this sad picture there is good news. In 69 conference of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) were presented reports on the use of so-called artificial pancreas. Tests were conducted on patients with diabetes first type, in the process of insulin device is held constant (a 5-minute intervals), and change the glycemic patterns of patients monitored by sensors. The whole system is connected to a laptop computer, which conducts measurements of about 200 times a day (instead of 5-10 at the current opportunities).

The information obtained reflects the real picture about the content of glucose in the blood of a patient, the changes of blood glucose, so it is possible to monitor therapy online. In addition, the system has the ability to control insulin, thereby eliminating any possibility of an overdose.

According to the developers, the system will be quite compact and the size will not exceed a modern mobile phone (existing design of an artificial pancreas in size comparable to a laptop).

Postprandial glucose sensors increase in the body, with the system enters in excess of basal insulin needs. Normalization of blood glucose occurs after a few hours, eliminating the risk of hypoglycemia.

Experts expect the approval of the FDA study for 2-3 months, after this period will be sure to talk about the future of this truly useful development for the treatment of diabetes.

Indian Food is Ideal for Diabetics

2011-02-25T22:44:00.000-08:00

Did you know that the traditional Indian dishes are ideal for the diabetic diet? Appreciate Asian cuisine, and people suffering from obesity, since it is at 90% of the vegetables. Abundance of legumes in combination with cereals makes eating a balanced and healthy.

Properly cooked Indian dishes are very tasty and healthy because they contain little fat and lots of protein. Particularly well prepared for buttermilk porridge from finger millet, also known as raga or dagussa. This simple dish satisfies hunger.

Understand the meaning of India is impossible without plates kichri (khichri) - a mixture of basmati rice with a representative of legume called tour gave. According to the Indians simply the poor man quite a bit kichri fill low-fat yogurt, and now he was becoming a real Prince slums.

In India, like vegetables, tables and bursting with tomatoes and gorgeous greenery. And the lettuce was granted the status of cultural phenomenon, its preferred use as a separate dish.

They say that the soup was brought into the territory of India by the British. Hindus prepare them reluctantly, only in the cold season, when you need to warm up - dishes fine, thick and nourishing. But in almost every home of this country there is always a billionth of a plate of soup on the basis of cabbage, spinach or celery.

India, like China, just teeming with spices. For patients with diabetes should pay special attention to turmeric and young leaves of the mango, they say very tasty!

And finally, I can not mention about fenugreek, known in India as methi. That fenugreek allows you to control glucose metabolism (especially in elderly people). From his legendary cook chutney condiment without which flavor rainbow Indian dishes would not have had such bright hues. You can have fresh sprouts of fenugreek, but it's better to mix them with wheat flour and cook a traditional Indian bread, chapatis, very reminiscent of the familiar to us pita.

But remember, in India, like salt, so that the item would have to adjust the diet to the side constraints. Reduce the quantity of sugar, substitute honey or sorbitol. Try to abandon the eggs, and fish would be preferable to red meat.

Which Insulin to Use?

2011-02-24T16:29:00.000-08:00

All those for whom the familiar meaning of the words "diabetes" does not know firsthand about the classification, under which distinguished several types of insulin depending on the duration of its action. But while few people before the end made the choice of which of these species is suitable for him. I'll try to highlight the main positive aspects of each type.

To begin, recall that carbohydrates can be ingested in two ways: through food and the liver. For the fact that insulin is produced in the right proportions, is responsible pancreas. A healthy body is constantly highlights the short-acting insulin, the patient as a person has to follow the flow of this process and try to simulate it in time. Usually for this purpose injections of short and long-acting combined.

In medicine, we know two of these combination: Intensify and conventional insulin therapy. The first is the introduction of short-acting injections on the assimilation XE immediately before the patient is going to eat an average of 3 times a day. The traditional combination also implies the introduction of a diabetic one or two injections before meals: usually in the morning and before dinner.

The choice of ways to keep your blood sugar depends on the condition of the patient, but I note that in recent times in medicine is increasingly favored intensified insulin therapy. The fact that it is not necessary to maintain a strict diet, which is not the traditional scheme. I recall that during its observance, will eat lunch at a certain time. Namely, in the peak time when insulin is introduced in the morning reached its climax of his actions. Otherwise, the patient may be caused by hyperglycemia.

Often there is one more question: how much insulin to be discharged into the body at any given time of day? To answer it clearly is not possible, since it is strictly an individual process. Determine the dose of insulin required can be empirically - constantly monitoring blood sugar levels. But here's what you can state with confidence is that to date medicines can not help feeling sick with diabetes mellitus itself is defective. And correct treatment of the day, keep the same daily life as healthy people.

Diabetes and Pregnancy - 7 Tips for Women with Diabetes

2011-02-23T22:16:00.000-08:00

If you are sick with diabetes, the decision to conceive a child - it's a big risk. Diabetes and pregnancy adversely affect each other.

The most dangerous as the first half of pregnancy. During this period, the flow is complicated by diabetes, appear labile forms, begin to develop complications as a result of deteriorating work the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys.

In the most severe forms, diabetes is a threat to the fetus and may even lead to death as a baby and mother. No less dangerous is diabetes, which runs hidden. Therefore, necessarily, before you conceive a child, the expectant mother should consult a doctor and pass the required tests.

If you are sick with diabetes and are pregnant, you need to get compensation for diabetes. For this effective method would be the proper organization of power, control of physical activity and total emotional harmony. Relatives and friends should surround you with love, affection and care.

7 tips for women with diabetes who want to have a baby.

Diabetes and pregnancy, Board 1
Only pregnant at a young age, possibly before the diabetes will affect the vascular system.

Diabetes and pregnancy, Tip 2
Take insulin during pregnancy. Do not make any exceptions, do not replace insulin saharoponizhayuschimi pills because they can lead to defects and deformities in the child.

Diabetes and pregnancy, Tip 3
Be careful what you eat. Do not need to overeat "for three", be sure to monitor the consumption of fat. Weight gain for the expectant mother - not more than 1,5 kg. monthly. Last 3 months of pregnancy, an increase of no more than 2,5 kg. Doctors recommend the best can be considered an increase in weight pregnant woman at 8 kg.

Diabetes and pregnancy, Council 4
Control your blood sugar, avoid hypoglycemia. Such differences have a negative impact primarily on the health of the fetus.

Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy Board 5
If the doctor offers admission and continuation of the pregnancy in the hospital, be sure to agree. Do not be too overconfident, even if the feel that diabetes is fairly compensated. Give birth to a specialized hospital. If you have any negative situations, be sure to settle for a cesarean, do not risk irreversible complications of purchase.

Diabetes and pregnancy, the Council on 6
Terminate a pregnancy upon request physician. If you are involved in this situation, sorry, but we need to find strength and to save at least their lives.

Diabetes and pregnancy, Board 7
Remember, pregnancy is considered an objective indicator of blood sugar, but not in the urine of pregnant women.

Diabetes and Pregnancy - Elements of a Healthy Pregnancy

2011-02-22T01:38:00.000-08:00

Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy - a difficult combination. But I understand you perfectly, because to give the offspring - the goal of almost every normal human being. Even though the threat to health, the mother takes up the top.

I think pregnancy and childbirth - a happiness for which every woman simply must fight.

Let us consider in detail the problem of diabetes and pregnancy. Propose several recommendations for healthy eating expectant mother that will safely carry and deliver a child.

7 elements of healthy pregnancy

Zinc. Insufficient amounts of zinc - a big problem during pregnancy. Zinc is responsible for proper growth and development of the child, as well as immunity. For the mother, suffering from diabetes, be sure to get enough zinc, because it helps the pancreas to produce zinc insulin, and consequently control over the content of sugar and stabilizes blood cholesterol. For foods rich in zinc include my favorite nuts and fish.

Folic acid (vitamin B9, folacin). Folacin enough content in the mother's body is very important both before and during pregnancy. Daily intake of folic acid, 400-800 mg to avoid problems with growth and development abnormalities in the child. Folic acid - an indispensable element of patients suffering from diabetes. Fresh greens and vegetables contain it in sufficient quantity.

Magnesium. Magnesium deficiency - a consequence of the many diets that are harmful to expectant mothers, especially during pregnancy. Woman is experiencing a state of heightened blood pressure, which in medicine is called eclampsia. The normal dosage of magnesium - 200 mg. per day. Magnesium is found in foods such as nuts, vegetables, whole grains. For patients with diabetes magnesium plays a critical role in insulin release, the lack of it leads to the development of eye diseases, blood vessels and heart.

Cod liver oil. Responsible for the correct formation of brain tissue of the child. In recent years, doctors worried about high mercury content in canned fish, and therefore an excellent alternative for the expectant mother will be eating on 0,5-1 Art. l. Eskimo fish oil (checked for the absence of harmful elements). Take fish oil very carefully, since some researchers claim that fish oil may lead to insulin resistance.

Calcium. Daily intake of calcium for pregnant women - 150 mg. It is best to take calcium at night (better sleep) in the form of yogurt or milk, as calcium tablets are not always absorbed by the body. Calcium reduces the need for sweet, so is simply indispensable for people suffering from obesity and diabetes.

Iron. Daily intake of iron from 20 to 35 mg. Expectant mother is particularly needed to reflect on adequate use of products containing iron. Some doctors argue that the lack of iron leads to the development of infertility. In addition, iron-free you will feel weak, weakening the immune system and memory.

Water. The volume of blood of pregnant women increased by 25-30%, it can easily lead to dehydration. Drink plenty of fluids, and be sure to avoid cases of the drying of lips and mouth. In patients with diabetes mellitus disturbance of acid-base balance, so drinking plenty of fluids just necessary for normal functioning. Symptoms of diabetes are well suppressed by drinking alkaline mineral water, rich in vitamins and trace elements.

The Benefits of Artichoke in Diabetes Mellitus

2011-02-17T23:57:00.000-08:00

Jerusalem artichoke is easily cultivated and is perhaps the most undemanding plant in the garden. Other name - "artichoke", "Jerusalem artichoke", "wild sunflowers.

This is a perennial herb native to North America. Tubers are irregularly shaped, yellow, light brown and even red. Jerusalem artichoke crop yields in the autumn, but very tolerant of frost, so it may lie in the ground until spring.

Jerusalem artichoke tubers are eaten in raw form, and as part of meals. Has a distinctive sweet taste with a pronounced nutty flavor.

Composition of the Jerusalem artichoke: Protein - 3% inulin - up to 18%, nitrogenous compounds - up to 4%, fructose, vitamins, and carotene. 100 g of Jerusalem artichoke contains about 58 calories. Shelf life: 7-10 days.

The benefits of artichoke health

Jerusalem artichoke - the ideal food for diabetics because it contains inulin (a natural polymer of fructose) , assimilation of these substances the body goes without insulin. Also in the Jerusalem artichoke is a lot of dietary fiber.

Regular consumption eliminates constipation and severe form of intestinal obstruction.

Jerusalem artichoke normalizes metabolism, and therefore can be used as a dietary product in the fight against obesity and overweight.

Tubers of "artichoke" contain practically all the useful and irreplaceable pectins, amino acids, macro and micronutrients and vitamins. Removes from the body toxins, heavy metals and radionuclides, strengthens the immune system.

Jerusalem artichoke - a natural tonic, so doctors recommend it for diseases of the cardiovascular system, which often occur as complications of diabetes.

In Europe, the Jerusalem artichoke and drugs based on it is used to treat pancreatitis, gastrointestinal diseases, hypertension and urolithiasis.

Novosibirsk Institute of Immunology, Jerusalem artichokes recommended as nutritional therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, peptic ulcer disease, anemia, colds, etc.

Cooking artichoke

Therapeutic effect persists regardless of how to cook tubers. So you can safely have Jerusalem artichokes raw, cook, bake, roast and even marinate.

It is not necessary to clean the Jerusalem artichokes like potatoes. The peel contains a lot of iron, so it is well washed and rubbed kitchen brush.

In raw Jerusalem artichoke are added to salads, roasted and fried tubers are used as toppings for pancakes, pies and cakes. Dried Jerusalem artichoke should be a good grind and brew the coffee.

Doctors recommend a daily basis to eat 1.2 Tuber on an empty stomach 15 minutes before meals.

There are also contraindications. Jerusalem artichoke is not recommended for people affected by strong flatulence, and if you are hypersensitive tissue.

And remember, if you decide to engage in cultivation of artichoke, take care of other useful crops. Jerusalem artichokes are very fast and aggressive breed, depleting the soil.

In future articles I will publish recipes from Jerusalem artichoke, stay tuned.

The Most Useful Juice in Diabetes Mellitus - Berry Juices

2011-02-17T22:33:00.000-08:00

To your attention the second part series of articles on juice in diabetes mellitus. Today will tell about the benefits of berry juices.

Tomato juice

Tomatoes - it's not sweet berries of the family. However, the habits we consider them vegetables. Tomato prepares everybody's favorite tomato juice.

Scientists say tomato juice good for diabetics. It thins the blood by slowing down platelet aggregation. As we know, excessive blood clotting in diabetics leads to vascular disease, is often the cause of heart attacks and strokes.

As part of tomato juice a lot of malic and citric acids, which favorably affect the activity of the biological processes of the human body. Tomatoes are rich in iron and are useful in anemia, a well relieve stress and nervous disorders.

Tomato juice has antibacterial and fungicidal properties. Regular consumption of juice reduces the concentration of cholesterol in the blood, improves eyesight and the bowels.

Sufficient chromium content in tomato juice can monitor glucose levels, and vitamin K strengthens bones. The composition of tomatoes include the following vitamins and trace elements: C, E, PP, and H, calcium, magnesium, selenium, rubidium, etc. This abundance can hardly boast of any other vegetable.

Energy value (100 g): calories - 17 protein - 1 g, fat - 0, carbohydrates - 3,5, the diabetics, doctors recommend a daily drink no more than 250 grams of juice.

GI - 30. Price of fresh tomato juice - from $ 4 per liter.

Blueberry juice

Blueberries - a medicinal plant, natural way of lowering the concentration of glucose. In folk medicine, popular concoctions of berries and leaves, as well as Blueberry nectars and concentrates.

Blueberry juice is rich in tannins and astringents, anti-inflammatory action. It improves memory and eyesight, and effective in preventing renal failure.

Western scientists have conducted tests on the biotransformation of blueberry juice and rind of fruits. By the bacteria Serratia vaccinii managed to get a product with higher antioxidant studies hold promise for treating diabetes and obesity.

According to the medical consumption of fermented blueberry juice reduces blood glucose by 35%. Blueberry juice is a new generation - this is the first step towards the rejuvenation of the body.

Energy value (100 g): calories - 47 protein - 0 g, fats - 1,8 g, carbohydrates - in 1912 Blueberry juice contains vitamin B12, C and E. The recommended rate, taking into account an individual meal plan for diabetes, is 120 g, 2 times a day.

Glycemic Index - 50 (Medium). Price of fresh blueberry juice - from $ 8 per liter.

Cranberry juice

Cranberries called "muskeg berries, which afford to work miracles, because it contains useful flavonoids, slowing down the oxidation process at the level of proteins and lipids. It is eaten raw, added to the dishes, cook juices and fruit drinks.

Best cranberry juice helps, especially with weakened immunity, heart disease, yeast and viral infections. A proanthocyanidins, a part of the marsh berries, prevents the formation of tartar.

Regular consumption of cranberry juice kills harmful bacteria that cause ulcers, lowers "bad" cholesterol, prevents cancer. Cranberry cure for colds, sore throat, high blood pressure, normalizes the skin.

Like bilberry, cranberry juice is effective in kidney and urinary system caused by diabetes. Juice or fruit drink cleanses the ureter from harmful bacteria, relieves inflammation and pain during urination.

Cranberries contain citric acid, vitamin C, hlorogeny, pectin, calcium, manganese, iron and other micronutrients.

Energy value (100 g): calories - 45 protein - 0,4 g, fats - 0,3 g, carbohydrates - glycemic index in 1911 - 50.

Daily rate - 120 g 1 - 2 times a day. Price of fresh cranberry juice - from $ 9 per liter.

In this story about the juices that are useful in diabetes, I have yet been completed. A small announcement: In the near future you will find an interesting publication on the curative properties of berries. Stay tuned.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) - Important Information for Pregnant Women

2011-02-17T17:59:00.000-08:00

Today let's talk for a very serious topic - Diabetes in pregnant women.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) - a disease which is associated with carbohydrate metabolism, it is found only during pregnancy. Like any other form of diabetes, gestational diabetes is associated with a genetic predisposition.

During pregnancy in the expectant mother's hormonal changes occur. Sometimes arise and reject - the pancreas produces insufficient amounts of insulin, resulting in characteristic symptoms arise HSD.

Gestational diabetes mellitus manifests itself in 5-6 months of pregnancy. Expectant mother should not be afraid, because this is a temporary condition, which successfully controlled through diet and exercise, and usually goes away after childbirth.

A pregnant woman is very important to monitor blood glucose levels, otherwise complications can affect both the health of both mother and unborn child.

Women who had gestational diabetes, more than others, at risk of disorders of glucose metabolism and obesity, as well as have a high likelihood of developing DM-2 in the next 20 years of life.

According to statistics HSD suffer from 3 to 10% of pregnant women.

Major risk factors for GDM:

   1. Age of women over 30 years.
   2. High rates of sugar in the past, the GSD during a previous pregnancy, large fruit (more than 4,5 kg.)
   3. Family History - HSD, DM-2 and cases of major birth children in previous generations.
   4. Rapid weight gain in women and the development of obesity.
   5. Cases of unexplained stillbirth and congenital malformations in previous generations.
   6. Chronic vaginal candidiasis.
   7. Early preeclampsia and hydramnios.
   8. Multiple pregnancies.

Diagnosis of gestational diabetes:

   1. Typically, the disease is diagnosed at 26 weeks (or even earlier). There are special tests that determine the degree of glucose tolerance. A one-hour 50 mg. load of glucose helps to establish the risk factors and the presence of glucosuria.
   2. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed if the post-test blood sugar levels higher than 7.8 mg / dL.
   3. You should always confirm the test repeated 3-hour 100 g glucose tolerance test preoral.
   4. For the final diagnosis of GDM is necessary to investigate the dynamics of change of glucose for 2-4 interim analysis:
          * Fasting> 5.8 mmol / l
          * 1:00:> 10.6 mmol / l
          * 2:00:> 9.2 mmol / l
          * 3:00:> 8.1 mmol / l

Control of gestational diabetes before and after birth:

   1. The purpose of the doctor - after a meal, the patient achieved blood glucose <6.7 mmol / l
   2. Transfer of patients on dietary diet (diet number 9)
   3. If within 2 hours after a meal blood sugar level is> 6.7 mmol / l, usually appointed by insulin.
   4. Oral drugs that cause hypoglycemic reaction during pregnancy contraindicated.
   5. Be sure to monitor the status and development of the fetus.
   6. After giving birth to stop insulin injections and diet.
   7. Monitor glucose at 6 weeks after birth to analyze the OGTT.

How is Diabetes in Pregnancy?

2011-02-15T22:04:00.000-08:00

Pregnancy in diabetes can be an ordeal for you and your loved ones. But still surmountable! We in advance with some statistical data and recommendations that will help you avoid complications.

During diabetes varies considerably during pregnancy. Identify several stages of changes in the expectant mother:

   1. The first trimester is different lower blood sugar levels, so it is necessary to reduce the insulin dose to 1 / 3;
   2. At 13 weeks on the rise in blood sugar that can cause severe condition of the woman until the coma. In this period should be carefully monitored glucose levels and consequently increase the dose of insulin;
   3. With 32 weeks the blood sugar level again begins to decline and the insulin dose was reduced to 70 - 80%;
   4. During childbirth due to the stress experienced by women may develop hyperglycemia, or because of severe physical fatigue of the body - hypoglycemia;
   5. After birth, the blood sugar level drops sharply and reaches a level that was before pregnancy, only 10.7 day post-partum period.

During pregnancy, hospitalization of women with diabetes, usually occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy to ensure timely diagnosis and compensation of diabetes. At 20-24 week could worsen the health of women and also require hospitalization. Last time when we should expect hospitalization, begins with 32 weeks, the cause may be a need for re-compensation of diabetes, and timing of delivery.

Pregnancy is bad for the woman with diabetes mellitus. Observed exacerbation of pyelonephritis, vascular diseases, the appearance of edema, increased blood pressure. Sometimes seizures may occur. Pregnancy in patients with diabetes can cause a lot of complications, even death of the mother or fetus due to diabetic kidney damage.

Miscarriage may occur in 15-30% of cases at 20-27 weeks of pregnancy. But do not despair, with proper and careful treatment of the probability of the threat of miscarriage, many pregnant women with diabetes is not higher than that in healthy women. Very frequent premature labor in diabetic patients. Cases of fetal death are most likely at 36-38 week. This may be an exacerbation of diabetes, preeclampsia and a large mass of the fetus. Probability of stillbirth was 29%.

Childbirth can be severe due to the fact that children of women with diabetes are born large (an increase of up to 60 cm, and body weight - 4.5 kg). Often the injuries as child and parent. Increases the frequency of postpartum infection, there is insufficient lactation in women with diabetes.

With poor treatment and complications of diabetes birth place prematurely (37 weeks). Often require surgical intervention and the use of caesarean section. But happily flowing pregnancy in compensated diabetes usually ends up normal, timely deliveries without the use of caesarean section. Importantly, to closely monitor the course of the disease and carry a full course of treatment prescribed by the attending physician, endocrinologist.

Treating Diabetes During Pregnancy

2011-02-15T19:10:00.000-08:00

Even before conceiving a child a woman must take care of diabetes compensation and try to maintain normal blood sugar levels during pregnancy. During childbearing diabetes treatment should be limited to the timely determination of blood sugar levels and adjust his insulin through, as well as a healthy diet.

People with diabetes must consult with the endocrinologist on the diet. Energy value of food intake does not exceed 2000-2200 calories. Should reduce the intake of carbohydrates and 250 g, fat 70 g, at the same time is recommended to increase protein intake to 2 g per 1 kg body weight of future mothers.

If a woman is obese, the caloric content of food should be reduced to 1500-1800 kcal. Eating preferably 8 times a day. Should consume the same amount of carbohydrates. You can not eat sugar, jam, chocolate, cakes, ice cream, honey, grape juice, rice and semolina, as these products contain a rapidly absorbed carbohydrates. During gestation diabetes may gain weight not exceeding 10 kg.

A pregnant woman suffering from diabetes must take extra vitamins A, B, C, D, folic acid, as well as potassium iodide.

In the case when the diet does not help to control blood sugar and glucose on the rise, it is necessary to start insulin therapy. About 25% of women with diabetes require insulin therapy during pregnancy. Insulin therapy is indicated for too rapid growth of the fetus. Control the dose of insulin, time of administration and number of injections should be a doctor.

The patient with a mild form of diabetes can be controlled phytotherapy. Some plants have a pronounced hypoglycemic properties. You should use this collection for lowering blood sugar: 5 g of leaves of blueberries, green beans, oat straw, 2 g of dried burdock root, 3 g of flaxseed. Mix all ingredients, pour 600 ml boiling water, boil for 5 minutes., Insist 20 min., Then strain and drink 6 times a day with 50 ml of about six months. It is also recommended to drink 100 ml of 5 times a day, a decoction of leaves of bilberry. He prepared as follows: 60 g of leaves filled a liter of boiling water and brewed for 15-20 minutes., Percolates. All phytotherapeutic procedures should be performed only with careful monitoring of blood sugar, because reaction to a variety of herbs can be specific.

In addition to diet and herbal medicine recommended for pregnant exercise. Thanks to the athletic training muscles burn more glucose, which reduces its content in the blood. Very useful as physical exercise walking.

Remedy against the disease in the form of tablets, which treat diabetes type 2, pregnant contraindicated. These drugs have a deleterious effect on the child, passing through the placenta. They can cause the formation of various defects in the baby, so treatment should be kept for use only insulin. On what other methods of treatment of diabetes can be used during pregnancy.

For a safe pregnancy and childbirth, diabetics, like all women, should closely observe all the recommendations of doctors, eat right, do physical exercises and less worry.