When a doctor diagnosed diabetes, it usually needs to comfort the patient. But there is no reason for pessimism. Diabetes is a dangerous disease, but they can be treated in most cases very well.

First, it is important to know exactly which disease is present. A type-1 diabetics must be prepared to rely on the rest of life to be insulin preparations. This is for many patients, a dramatic turning point. But after a while, the victims used to it.

A type-2 diabetes is much more difficult to treat because the patient must often change his entire life. In a diabetes treatment in the early stages only in exceptional cases medications used. It is much more effective when the patient reduces the existing usually overweight. Therefore it is necessary for sports and nutrition switch.

A diabetes treatment requires patient cooperation. She is otherwise unsuccessful. But it is a fallacy, if an interested party believes that modern medicine would be sufficient alone. A diabetes can with the current medical knowledge can not be cured.

If people have cultivated many years or decades an unhealthy lifestyle, this can not be changed in a few weeks. It takes months, sometimes years, to a sustainable conversion succeeded. This requires the absolute will of the patient. Therefore, it can also be a part of a psychological support diabetes treatment.

If one considers that the treatment of type 1 diabetes became possible in 1922 with the discovery of insulin, one must admit that for many new features have greatly increased the quality of life of these patients ( eg 1 meter in 1969, portable pumps late 70s, the insulin analogues and continuous measurement of blood glucose in the late 90s ...
 

New level of insulin.

The first inhalable insulin appeared on the market in 2005, intended primarily for people with type and type 1 diabetic adults. Because of its high price, lack of long-term studies on possible effects on the airways, difficulty of a precise dosage, this insulin has been very little interest and was withdrawn in in 2008. In late November 2007, the first oral insulin spray form has been marketed in Equador. Probably intended for people with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, it has not yet been approved in Europe and long-term studies are not yet available. United States, a study began in 2006 trying to treat patients at high risk of diabetes with insulin capsules. The goal is to see if we can delay or prevent the onset of disease by administering insulin by the digestive tract to create a kind of tolerance and thus calm the immune system. Prevention of type 1 diabetes is not so far, the results of this study (in a few years) are eagerly awaited. However, it has already been proven that these insulin capsules will not be used to treat diabetes already said.

Vaccination

A hot topic in diabetes research for GAD65 vaccination. The GAD65 protein is beta cells. Diabetic type 1 there are antibodies that destroy certain proteins, often also GAD65. The idea of this vaccine is to keep as long as possible the production of insulin by beta cells by deflecting action of immune antibodies to the injected proteins. First results seem promising in Sweden and large-scale studies are planned in Europe in 2008. The Swedish study suggests that most are vaccinated sooner a person in whom diabetes has just been declared, the more we come to preserve beta cell.

Prevention (of disease onset)

These measures include also studies of oral insulin (see "insulin") In Europe, several countries are currently involved in "the study pre Point", in which we try to prevent the formation of destructive beta-cell antibodies by administration of insulin as a spray or powder in the diet of children at high risk of diabetes (which could have a hypoglycemic effect in those already diabetic). The hypothesis is that insulin may stimulate the immune system by inducing an immune response designed to protect cells against beta-destruction. The study has just begun, but similar studies in the U.S. seem promising.

Transplants

We are in the hot topic of stem cell therapy. The goal of research in the field of transplantation is a cure for diabetes by transplanting functional beta cells, the major problem is however the lack of organ donors. In recent years, a new method was developed: the culture of Beta cells from stem cells (= cells that can renew themselves indefinitely and give specialized cells by cell differentiation). We distinguish embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Studies in mice have allowed to grow insulin-producing cells from embryonic or adult stem cells which, transplanted into diabetic mice, have improved even normalization of blood glucose. Unfortunately, these experiences are only a stage animal and research on human embryonic cells still raises many ethical issues well justified. Similarly, studies of autologous stem cells (in Germany, Brazil) are very interesting. In this case, is transplanted to the patient's own stem cells that will be responsible for insulin production and replace insulin injections. The initial results seem positive, but research is still needed.

Measurement of continuous glucose

In 2006, the techniques of continuous glucose measurement have become increasingly efficient and allow the patient to directly read glucose values measured
in the subcutaneous tissue that appear on the device using a transmitter without cable, whose size has also fallen sharply, which enhances comfort, especially in children. The sensors can remain in place 3-6 days. Recently, the RealTime Paradigm insulin pump was also placed on the market in Luxembourg, (not yet repaid). This pump is combined with a continuous glucose monitor, the patient must wear two subcutaneous catheters (one for the administration of insulin to a glucose sensor). He can see glucose values on the pump which also warns if glucose is trying to climb or fall and emits alarm signals in case of hypo-or hyperglycemia. All these study results and progress in research lead us slowly towards the dream of a cure diabetes, but the road is still long! However, we can also see that all these small steps since the discovery of insulin allows diabetics to continuously improve their quality of life.

18-year study confirmed the hypothesis that the fats that make up the natural cow's milk reduces the risk of Type II diabetes by 60%.

- Our work began in 1992 when 3736 volunteers aged 19 to 27 years had produced the first blood sampling. During this time, half the participants in the experiment began the day with a cup of natural cow's milk with high fat content. The other study participants drank either skim milk or do not use it - says Tim Rogerson, Coordinator of the Study Group (Cambridge, USA).

In November 2010, researchers conducted a control blood sample and compared the data.

- The results clearly demonstrate the positive effect of milk fat to prevent diabetes. We plan to bring our project to the end and finish it in 2012. Most likely, the result will be the creation of a special dairy diet, which by our assumption would not only provide preventive direction, but also to facilitate the patients suffering from diabetes type.

Purpose of the diet: the creation of conditions conducive to the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism, determination of patient tolerance to carbohydrates.

General characteristics of the diet: a diet with reduced fat (mostly animal), and carbohydrates from the physiological norm of vitamins and minerals. In the diet include a variety of foods. Eliminate sugar, jam, confectionery and other foods containing a lot of sugar. Sugar substitute xylitol, sorbitol, aspartame. Main dishes are prepared in boiled or baked form. Eating 5-6 times.

The chemical composition of the diet: protein, 100 g, 70-80 g fat (of which 25 g of plant), 300 g carbohydrates mainly due to the complex and simple carbohydrates exclude or severely limit, calories 2300 kcal, 0.3 mg of retinol, carotene, 12 mg, 1.5 mg of thiamine, riboflavin 2.1 mg, 18 mg nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid, 100 mg sodium 3.7 g, 4 g of potassium, calcium, 0.8 g, 1.3 g of phosphorus, iron, 15 mg. Free liquid 1.5 liters.

Featured products and dishes:
- Predominantly black bread 300 g;
- Mostly vegetarian soups;
- Meat and poultry, beef, veal, chicken, turkey boiled;
- Fish, lean boiled in;
- Vegetables as a side dish and leaf greens, cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini, potatoes, raw, boiled and baked;
- Cereals and pasta limit;
- Milk and dairy products - milk, cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, cheese, sour cream are limited;
- Fruits, berries - sour and sweet and sour varieties, Antonov apples, cranberries, red currants - 200 grams per day;
- Drinks - tea, coffee, rather weak, the juice of sour grapes varieties.

In diabetes mellitus in obese patients with clinical nutrition coincides with the treatment of obese patients. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who are receiving large doses of insulin prescribed diet, which is close in chemical composition to the management table.

The basic amount of carbohydrate should be given to the first breakfast and lunch. Before these meals administered insulin. With the introduction of insulin before dinner, a meal should be left for the night to prevent the possible hypoglycemic reactions.

With the threat of diabetic coma, the amount of fat in the diet should be reduced to 30 g, protein content to 50 g carbohydrates should not exceed 300 g at the same time increasing the dose of insulin.

Purpose of the diet: the creation of conditions conducive to the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism, determination of patient tolerance to carbohydrates.

General characteristics of the diet: a diet with reduced fat (mostly animal), and carbohydrates from the physiological norm of vitamins and minerals. In the diet include a variety of foods. Eliminate sugar, jam, confectionery and other foods containing a lot of sugar. Sugar substitute xylitol, sorbitol, aspartame. Main dishes are prepared in boiled or baked form. Eating 5-6 times.

The chemical composition of the diet: protein, 100 g, 70-80 g fat (of which 25 g of plant), 300 g carbohydrates mainly due to the complex and simple carbohydrates exclude or severely limit, calories 2300 kcal, 0.3 mg of retinol, carotene, 12 mg, 1.5 mg of thiamine, riboflavin 2.1 mg, 18 mg nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid, 100 mg sodium 3.7 g, 4 g of potassium, calcium, 0.8 g, 1.3 g of phosphorus, iron, 15 mg. Free liquid 1.5 liters.

Featured products and dishes:
- Predominantly black bread 300 g;
- Mostly vegetarian soups;
- Meat and poultry, beef, veal, chicken, turkey boiled;
- Fish, lean boiled in;
- Vegetables as a side dish and leaf greens, cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, cucumbers, tomatoes, zucchini, potatoes, raw, boiled and baked;
- Cereals and pasta limit;
- Milk and dairy products - milk, cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, cheese, sour cream are limited;
- Fruits, berries - sour and sweet and sour varieties, Antonov apples, cranberries, red currants - 200 grams per day;
- Drinks - tea, coffee, rather weak, the juice of sour grapes varieties.

In diabetes mellitus in obese patients with clinical nutrition coincides with the treatment of obese patients. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who are receiving large doses of insulin prescribed diet, which is close in chemical composition to the management table.

The basic amount of carbohydrate should be given to the first breakfast and lunch. Before these meals administered insulin. With the introduction of insulin before dinner, a meal should be left for the night to prevent the possible hypoglycemic reactions.

With the threat of diabetic coma, the amount of fat in the diet should be reduced to 30 g, protein content to 50 g carbohydrates should not exceed 300 g at the same time increasing the dose of insulin.

Fats and their content in the diet as compared with carbohydrates and proteins are the most calories. Approximate calculations are as follows: 1 gram of fat is about 9 kcal.

If you have diabetes, remember that eating foods with high content of fat, especially animal origin (butter and cream, sour cream, bacon,) - a direct route to atherosclerosis and obesity. The rate of fat for an adult who is not engaged in heavy physical labor, ranging from 50 to '65

When planning an individual schedule diet, you need to remember that foods such as eggs, fish and milk, contain so-called hidden fats. If, on the recommendation of a doctor in your menu, '60 fat, half of them should be vegetable oils (sunflower, corn or olive oil). In old age, vegetable fats should make up two thirds

Be sure to refrain from eating too fat, and fat smoked sausage, pork, smoked kurichi and fatty poultry, cheese and sour cream with high fat content.

In addition, be sure to limit the use of so-called "Fat melting" (beef, mutton fat), and the products and foods rich in cholesterol (brain and egg yolks).

List of products to replace the (content of fat). 20 grams of fat can be obtained from the following products:

    Veal - 1000, Beef - 120, lamb - 60, pork fat - 40, beef liver - 480, the language of pork - 120;
    sausage "Amateur" - 70 hot dogs milk - 80 chickens - 110;
    pink - 280, Pollack - 2200, redfish - 620, black halibut - 120, crab meat - 500;
    pasteurized milk (3.5%) - 570, cream (10%) - 200, sour cream (30%) - tion of fat content> - 70, cottage cheese, fat - 110 Cheese "Russian" - 70, unsalted butter - 24, mayonnaise "Provence" - 30; chicken eggs - 170